كاميل وايت، طالبة أويغورية من الصين تم احتجازها بعد نشر فيديو

اندلعت احتجاجات سلمية في نوفمبر 2022 في عدة مناطق في الصين، والتي تُعرف بـ “احتجاجات الورقة البيضاء” نتيجة حريق حصار مميت في 24 نوفمبر 2022 وسياسة القضاء على فيروس كورونا  في الصين بشكل عام. تسبب الحريق في وفاة عشرة أشخاص على الأقل.  قامت السلطات الصينية  في السنوات الأخيرة بانتهاكات واسعة ومنهجية لحقوق الإنسان واستهداف طلاب وعلماء أويغور وغيرهم من أعضاء المثقفين أويغور في آرتوش[1]. منذ عام 2017، تم احتجاز 386 حالة معروفة لأويغور أو اختفائهم أو سجنهم. يناقش  هذا المقال المزيد من التفاصيل حول قضية كاميل وايت والنداء العاجل لإطلاق سراحها

 اعتقال كاميل وايت

كاميل وايت هي طالبة جامعية مسلمة أويغورية تبلغ من العمر 19 عامًا وتعيش في هنان بالصين. تم احتجاز كاميل من قبل شرطة مدينة آرتوش المحلية في 12 ديسمبر 2022 بعد عودتها من آرتوش (شينجيانغ)، مسقط رأسها، لقضاء عطلة الشتاء. وفقًا لأخ كاميل، كوسير وايت المقيم في الولايات المتحدة، تم استهدافها بسبب فيديو نشرته عبر الإنترنت حول احتجاجات الورقة البيضاء. في 2 فبراير 2023، دعا كوسير وايت وطالب السلطات الصينية بإطلاق سراح شقيقته فورًا والسماح لها بالحديث إليه. وأكد أن شقيقته “بريئة ولم ترتكب أي جرائم”[1]. حتى الآن، تم احتجاز كاميل منذ ديسمبر 2022. كما لا يسمح لها بالاتصال بعائلتها أو اختيار محامي. وهناك احتمالية أن كاميل تعرضت للتعذيب والمعاملة السيئة  الأخرى

نداء عاجل لإطلاق سراح كاميل

لم يتضح بعد أسباب احتجاز كاميل، ويثير اعتقالها قضايا تتعلق بحرية التمييز وحرية الرأي والتعبير. لذلك، يجب إطلاق سراح كاميل فورًا ما لم يكن هناك دليل كاف وموثوق وقابل للاعتماد على أنها ارتكبت جريمة معروفة دوليًا. علاوة على ذلك، يجب الإفصاح عن مكان تواجد كاميل في انتظار إطلاق سراحها، ويجب السماح لها بالوصول المنتظم إلى عائلتها ومحامٍ من اختيارها. وأخيرًا، في انتظار إطلاق سراحها، يجب التأكد من توفير رعاية طبية كافية لكاميل وعدم تعرضها للتعذيب أو المعاملة السيئة الأخرى

تحرّك!

دعت منظمة العفو الدولية، وهي منظمة غير حكومية تدافع عن حقوق الإنسان الدولية، إلى التحرّك عبر كتابة نداء أو توقيع عريضة. يمكنك مساعدة كاميل والسعي لحماية سلامتها من خلال تسجيل نداء أو توقيع العريضة. يرجى الانتقال إلى China: Uyghur student detained for posting protest video: Kamile Wayit – Amnesty International للاطلاع على نموذج رسالة لكتابة نداء، أو الانتقال إلى هذا الرابط لتوقيع العريضة.

في النهاية

تناول هذا المقال استهداف الطلاب والعلماء وأعضاء النخبة الثقافية الأويغور في آرتوش، مع التركيز بشكل خاص على قضية كاميل وايت.تدعو بروكن تشاك مثل منظمة العفو الدولية إلى اتخاذ إجراءات و تلبية الحاجة الملحة لإطلاق سراح كاميل. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تدعو بروكن تشاك حكومة الصين إلى إطلاق سراح جميع المحتجزين والمحكوم عليهم بسبب عرقهم أو دينهم أو ممارسة حقوقهم الأساسية للإنسان بشكل سلمي. كما تدعو المجتمع الدولي إلى إدانة بشكل عاجل اضطهاد حكومة الصين للفكريين الأويغور.

كتابة: Asha Ouni

 

Kamile Wayit, an Uyghur student from China detained after posting a video

Universal Periodic Review of Malta

  • Broken Chalk is a non-profit organisation with one main goal – To protect human rights in education. The organisation started with a website and articles and is currently working on multiple projects, each aiming to fight human rights violations in the educational sphere. As the UPR is related to human rights violations, inequalities, human trafficking, and other violations, Broken Chalk prepares this article for the 45th session regarding Malta.
  • The principles, aims, objectives, and regulations of the education system in Malta are laid down in Education Acts Chapters 327 and 605 of the Laws of Malta and pegged to the Malta Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning. State, Church and Independent schools provide education. It comprises childcare (for children 0-3 years old), two years of kindergarten (for 3-5-year-olds), 11 Years of compulsory education including six years of Primary school (mainly for 5-11-year-olds), a 2-year orientation cycle (middle school, for children aged 11-13) and a 3-year cycle of specialisation (secondary school, for children aged 13-16-year-olds), during which students pursue academic or vocational subjects.
  • Malta is committed to providing quality education for its population. However, like many countries, Malta faces educational challenges that impact the effectiveness and inclusivity of its education system. Recognising and addressing these challenges is crucial for fostering an equitable and high-quality education system that prepares students for the demands of the modern world.

By Asha Ouni

Download the PDF.

45th_Session_UN-UPR_Country_Review_Malta

Cover image by Gian Luca Sgaggero.

Universal Periodic Review of Mauritius

Broken Chalk is a non-profit organization with one main goal – To protect human rights in the world of education. The organization started with a website and articles and is currently working on multiple projects, each aiming to fight human rights violations in the educational sphere. As the UPR is related to human rights violations, inequalities, human trafficking, and other violations, Broken Chalk prepares this article for the 45th session regarding Mauritius.

By Asha Ouni

Download the PDF.

45th_Session_UN-UPR_Country_Review_Mauritius

Cover image by Yang Hai on Wikimedia Commons.

118.5 million girls out of school

Written by Asha Ouni

Education is a fundamental human right that should be accessible to everyone, regardless of their gender or social status. Unfortunately, millions of girls around the world are still denied access to education, which has long-term consequences not only for themselves but also for their families, communities, and countries. According to recent statistics, approximately 118.5 million girls worldwide are out of school, and this number continues to grow.[1]

Girls attending classes. Photo by Pexels.

The reasons for girls dropping out of school vary from region to region, but they are usually rooted in poverty, cultural norms, gender discrimination, and conflict.[2] In many developing countries, families cannot afford to send all their children to school, and they prioritize boys’ education over girls. Girls are often expected to marry early, take care of household chores, or work to support their families, which further reduces their chances of attending school. Moreover, girls may face discrimination and harassment in schools, which leads to higher dropout rates.

The consequences of girls’ lack of education are severe and far-reaching. Girls who drop out of school are more likely to marry early, have children at a young age, and experience poverty and ill-health. They have limited economic opportunities and are more vulnerable to violence, abuse, and exploitation. Their lack of education also affects their children’s well-being and perpetuates the cycle of poverty and inequality.[3]

Investing in girls’ education is not only a matter of human rights, but it also benefits society as a whole. Educated girls are more likely to become productive members of society, contribute to economic growth, and participate in civic and political life. They are also more likely to have healthy children and break the intergenerational cycle of poverty.[4]

“We know that if you get girls into schools and keep them there, you can change the course of a nation.“

Her Majesty Queen Rania Al-Abdullah, June 2007.

To address the issue of girls’ education, governments, NGOs, and communities must work together to create enabling environments that promote girls’ enrollment, retention, and completion in schools. This includes providing financial support, reducing gender-based violence, increasing girls’ safety and security, and addressing social and cultural norms that limit girls’ access to education.

In conclusion, the fact that 118.5 million girls are out of school is a stark reminder of the urgent need to invest in girls’ education. It is not only a matter of human rights, but also a matter of social and economic development. By ensuring that girls have access to quality education, we can break the cycle of poverty and inequality, empower girls and women, and create a brighter future for all.

Want to know how you can help? Visit www.brokenchalk.org for more information.

[1] UNESCO, “Connected, inclusive and green: how UNESCO wants to transform education”, www.unesco.org (accessed 16/05/23).

[2] World Bank Group, “Educate Girls: Improving the Quality and Outcomes of Girls’ Learning”, April 2017, p. 6, available at: www.worldbank.org (accessed 16/05/23).

[3] R. Hagues & S. Helms McCarty, “The Consequences of Forcing Pregnant Girls Out of School”, Journal of Human Rights and Social Work, 2020, vol. 7, p. 23.

[4] Harvard Kennedy School, “Investing in girls’ education”, September 2017, p. 7, available at: www.hardvard.edu (accessed 16/05/23).

Universal Periodic Review of Germany

  • Broken Chalk drafted this Report to contribute to Germany’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR). This Report discusses the main challenges Germany faces regarding education and offers recommendations based on those challenges.
  • The German education system comprises preschool, primary, secondary and tertiary education. Furthermore, although education is compulsory at the primary and secondary levels (until age 15), German education generally lasts until age 18.
  • Moreover, the German education system is mainly run by the State (more precisely, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research) and is free to attend.
  • Globally, Germany ranks high in education, and the PISA report shows that German students generally have good well-being.[i] However, as this report will show, among other things, there are inequalities between the highest- and the lowest-performing students. This inequality is mainly due to socioeconomic disparities in the country.[ii]

by Asha Ouni & Camille Boblet-Ledoyen

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44th_Session_UN-UPR_Country_Review_Germany

[i] PISA Report, A. Schleicher, “PISA 21018”, ECD 2019.

[ii] G. Buswell, “The German Education System”, EXPATICA, 11 January 2023.

Cover image by Maheshkumar Painam on Unsplash.

Kamile Wayit, studenă Uyghur din China reținută după ce a postat un videoclip

În noiembrie 2022, proteste pașnice, denumite „protestele foilor albe de hârtie”, au fost declanșate în mai multe locații din China din cauza unui incendiu fatal de  pe 24 noiembrie 2022 și a politicii Chinei de zero COVID în general. Incendiul a provocat moartea a cel puțin zece persoane. În ultimii ani, autoritățile chineze au comis încălcări pe scară largă și sistematice ale drepturilor omului și au vizat studenții, savanții și alți membri ai elitei culturale uiguuri din Artush[1] . Din 2017, 386 de cazuri cunoscute de uiguri internați, dispăruți sau închiși au fost înregistarte.

Acest articol detaliază cazul lui Kamile Wayit și apelul urgent pentru eliberarea ei.

 

Detenția lui Kamile Wayit

Kamile Wayit este o musulmancă uigur în vârstă de 19 ani și studentă  care locuiește în Henan, China. La 12 decembrie 2022, Kamile a fost luată de poliția locală a orașului Artush și reținută după ce s-a întors din Artush (Xinjiang), orașul ei natal, pentru o vacanță de iarnă. Potrivit fratelui lui Kamile, Kewser Wayit, cu sediul în SUA, ea a fost vizată din cauza unui videoclip pe care l-a postat online cu privire la protestele foilor albe de hârtie.  La 2 februarie 2023, Kewser Wayit a sunat și a cerut autorităților chineze să îi elibereze imediat sora și să o lase să vorbească cu el. El a declarat că sora lui este „nevinovată și nu a comis nicio crimă” [2] .. De acum, Kamile se află în detenție din decembrie 2022. Mai mult, nu are voie să aibă niciun contact cu familia ei sau să aibă un avocat la alegere. În plus, Kamile poate fi supusă torturii și altor rele tratamente.

Apel urgent pentru eliberarea lui Kamile

Motivele detenției lui Kamile sunt neclare, iar arestarea lui Kamile ridică probleme cu privire la libertatea discriminării și libertatea de opinie și exprimare. Prin urmare, Kamile ar trebui eliberată imediat, cu excepția cazului în care există dovezi suficiente, credibile și admisibile că ea a săvârșit o infracțiune penală recunoscută la nivel internațional. Mai mult, în așteptarea eliberării, locul unde se află Kamile ar trebui să fie eliberat și ar trebui să i se permită acces regulat la familia ei și la un avocat la alegerea ei. De asemenea, în așteptarea eliberării sale, ar trebui să se asigure că Kamile are acces la îngrijire medicală adecvată și nu este supusă torturii și altor rele tratamente.

Ia măsuri!

Amnesty International, o organizație non-guvernamentală care susține drepturile internaționale ale omului, a cerut să se acționeze sub forma redactării unui apel sau semnării unei petiții. Înregistrând o contestație sau semnând petiția, o poți ajuta pe Kamile și să încerci să-i protejezi bunăstarea. Vă rugăm să mergeți în China: un student uigur reținut pentru că a postat un videoclip de protest: Kamile Wayit – Amnesty International pentru a vedea modelul de scrisoare pentru scrierea unei contestații sau accesați Link pentru a semna petiția.

Concluzie

Acest articol a discutat despre țintirea studenților, cercetătorilor și a altor membri ai elitei culturale uigure din Artush, acordând o atenție deosebită cazului lui Kamile Wayit, cum ar fi Amnesty International, Broken Chalk solicită acțiuni și nevoia urgentă de eliberare a lui Kamile.

În plus, Broken Chalk solicită guvernului Chinei să elibereze imediat toți cei reținuți și condamnați pentru etnie, religie sau exercitarea pașnică a drepturilor fundamentale ale omului. În plus, Broken Chalk face apel la comunitatea internațională să condamne de urgență persecuția inadmisibilă de către guvernul chinez a intelectualilor uiguri

 

Scris de Asha Ouni

 

 

[1] UHRP, “Detained and Disappeared: Intellectuals Under Assault in the Uyghur Homeland”, March 2019, available at: Microsoft Word – UHRP_Intellectuals Report Update 3.docx (accessed on 12/04/2023).

[2] RFA, “U.S.-based Uyghur man calls on China to release his 19-year-old sister”, Jane Tang for RFA Mandarin, 26/01/2023, available at: US-based Uyghur man calls on China to release his 19-year-old sister — Radio Free Asia (rfa.org) (accessed on 12/04/2023).