Universal Periodic Review of Colombia

 

  • Broken Chalk drafted this report to contribute to Colombia’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Broken Chalk is an organisation that fights against violations of Human Rights and improves the quality of Education around the globe. This report will discuss Colombia’s main challenges regarding education and what issues could be Finally, Broken Chalk will offer some recommendations for Colombia based on the matters raised.
  • In the 2018 review, Colombia received 211 recommendations and supported 183 proposals for adopting its UPR outcome. Those were related to the legal and general framework of implementation, universal and cross-cutting issues, civil and political rights, economic, social, and cultural rights, women’s rights, and rights of other vulnerable groups and persons.
  • Regarding education, those recommendations focused on guaranteeing equal access to education, paying particular attention to children living in rural areas and minorities; implementing sexual education programs; enhancing literacy rates; and ensuring the enrolment of persons with disabilities at all levels of education.
  • In 2018, Colombia was reported to be the second most unequal country globally because of an unequal model, malnutrition, and lack of access to education and health.[1] Concerning education, Colombia rates below when compared to OECD countries and other partner countries in multiple indicators, such as, among others, the adults with tertiary qualification; children enrolled in early childhood education programs; spending on pre-primary educational institutions; the share of women among general upper secondary graduates; enrolment rates between 6 to 24 years old.[2]
  • As these indicators illustrate, there are evident efforts still to be made and improvements to be implemented to create a better education system which sits on the foundations of equality, inclusivity, and accessibility.

by Laura García

Download PDF

44th_Session_UN-UPR_Country_Review_Colombia

 

[1] UN General Assembly, 2018. Resumen de las Comunicaciones de las Partes Interesadas sobre Colombia, Consejo de Derechos Humanos. Retrieved from: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G18/061/12/PDF/G1806112.pdf?OpenElement

[2] OECD, 2022. Colombia: Overview of the education system, Education GPS. Retrieved from: https://gpseducation.oecd.org/CountryProfile?plotter=h5&primaryCountry=COL&treshold=5&topic=EO

 

Cover image by Photo by David Restrepo on Unsplash

Universal Periodic Review of Turkmenistan

  • Broken Chalk drafted this report to contribute to Turkmenistan’s Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Broken Chalk is an organisation that fights against violations of Human Rights and improves the quality of Education around the globe. This report will discuss the main challenges Turkmenistan faces regarding Education and what those issues could be enhanced through Finally, Broken Chalk will offer some recommendations for Turkmenistan in the field of Education based on the problems raised.
  • In the 2018 review, the Turkmenistan side supported 74 out of the 90 recommendations. Overall, Turkmenistan accepted 172 submissions, representing 90% of the total.[1] Those were related to the legal and general framework of implementation, universal and crosscutting issues, civil and political rights, economic, social, and cultural rights, women’s rights, and rights of other vulnerable groups and persons.
  • Turkmenistan has stated that efforts to guarantee the most comprehensive coverage and highest possible quality of education at all levels have been intensified. In that line, the share of total government expenditure increased a 3.01% per cent in 2019, concerning 2012. Twenty-three per cent of the government budget is addressed to Education[2]. This is a relatively high figure compared to other European Countries, such as Germany, Spain, Italy, and France[3].
  • Accordingly, completion rates are generally high for all school levels. Turkmenistan has a 100 per cent of completion rate of primary education, and lower and upper secondary education completion rates remain high. In line, the out-of-school rates remain quiet at all levels of education. Despite this, improvements are still being made, especially in the fields of Education and inclusion and accessibility to equal resources.

by Laura García

Download PDF

44th_Session_UN-UPR_Country_Review_Turkmenistan

[1] OHCHR, 2018. Universal Periodic Review outcomes of Turkmenistan, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, and Germany.

Available from:  https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/09/human-rights-council-adopts-universal-periodic-review-outcomes-turkmenistan

[2] World Bank, n.d. Government expenditure on education, total % of GDP -Turkmenistan. Available from:  https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS?locations=TM

[3] Datos Macro, n.d. Gasto público Educación per Capita. Available from: https://datosmacro.expansion.com/estado/gasto/educacion

Cover image by Aboodi Vesakaran on Pexels.