مستقبل التعليم في ظل الأزمات السياسية في السودان

مستقبل التعليم في ظل الأزمات السياسية في السودان

مصدر الصورة:

https://www.independentarabia.com/node/172496/

تأثرت بعض المدارس والجامعات مباشرة بالقصف بالأسلحة الثقيلة. في ١٨ أبريل ٢٠٢٣، قُتل ثلاثة طلاب نتيجة سقوط قذيفة بالقرب من منزلهم في منطقة شرق النيل. ومن المقرر أن يتقدم عثمان عبد المنعم، ١٧ عاما، لامتحانات الثانوية العامة في العاشر من يونيو المقبل، وفق ما أعلنته وزارة التربية والتعليم في السودان, لكنه وضع كتيباته وكتبه جانبًا وبدأ يتابع باهتمام الحرب التي اندلعت قبل عشرة أيام. بين الجيش السوداني وقوات الدعم السريع في الخرطوم.

أصيب بالقلق والخوف من صوت الأسلحة الثقيلة والرصاص الذي اخترق سقوف وجدران المنازل وأدى إلى مقتل عدد من أقرانه. يصلي عثمان إلى الله لإنهاء الحرب ويقول إن هذا الوضع لا يبشر بأن التقويم الأكاديمي سيستمر كما هو مخطط له.

لا تختلف حالة عثمان عن حالة أكثر من ٥٠٠ ألف طالب وطالبة سيجلسون لامتحانات الشهادة السودانية هذا العام. لقد تخلوا عن دفاتر ملاحظاتهم بعد أن شاهدوا على شاشات التلفزيون ووسائل الإعلام المختلفة الحرائق والجثث ملقاة على الأرض، ويخشون نفس المصير، حسبما قال المتحدث باسم لجنة المعلمين’, سامي الباقر ل «Middle East»

وأضاف، أن “السنة الدراسية ستتأثر إذا استمرت الحرب بين الجيش وقوات الدعم السريع لفترة بعد عيد الفطر.” “سيتأثر العام الدراسي لأنه الموعد المقرر لجلوس بعض الفصول للامتحانات النهائية”، مشيرًا إلى أنه من المقرر أن يكون العام الدراسي ١٨٠ يومًا, لكنها بدأت متأخرة ٥٠ يوما بعد تعليقها لمدة ٣٠ يوما بسبب إضراب المعلمين.

وأشار إلى الجهود المبذولة لتعويض ٨٠ يوما التي ضاعت بزيادة ساعات الدراسة خلال النهار وجعل السبت يوما دراسيا وليس عطلة, بالإضافة إلى تمديد العام الدراسي لمدة ١٥ يومًا إضافيًا، وقال: “إذا استمرت الحرب بين الطرفين، يصبح العلاج مستحيلًا, لذلك تصبح السنة الدراسة غير معتمدة دوليا.

وأشار إلى الجهود المبذولة لتعويض ٨٠ يوما التي ضاعت بزيادة ساعات الدراسة خلال النهار وجعل السبت يوما دراسيا وليس عطلة, بالإضافة إلى تمديد العام الدراسي لمدة ١٥ يومًا إضافيًا، وقال: “إذا استمرت الحرب بين الطرفين، يصبح العلاج مستحيلًا, لذلك تصبح السنة الدراسة غير معتمدة دوليا.

إلا أن مدير التعليم الثانوي في وزارة التربية عبد الكريم حسن, وقال الشرق الأوسط إن العام الدراسي لن يتأثر بالحرب بين طرفي النزاع لأنه تم تعديل التقويم بحيث تكون امتحانات الثانوية العامة الذي عقد في العاشر من يونيو المقبل. ومع ذلك، لم يحدد عدد الطلاب الذين سيجلسون للامتحانات لأن الوزارة لم تنته من عدها. وتابع، “في العام الماضي، جلس حوالي ٥٠٠ ألف طالب وطالبة، وعادة ما يكون عدد من يجلسون أكثر من العام السابق,” مشيرا إلى أن طلاب السنة الأولى والثانية سيجلسون للامتحانات النهائية في ١٣ مايو، مشيرا إلى صعوبة إدراج المدارس التي تأثرت.

وقال مدير الإدارة العامة للتعليم للمرحلة الأساسية بولاية الخرطوم محمد حمدون البشير، إن التقويم الأكاديمي قد انتهى، وامتحان التعليم الأساسي, والتي تشمل المرحلتين الابتدائية والمتوسطة، تبقى ومن المقرر أن تبدأ في الخامس من الشهر المقبل، وامتحانات الشهادة الابتدائية في ٢٢ من نفس الشهر. وأضاف البشير، “قبل اندلاع الحرب بين الأطراف المتصارعة, وتقوم إدارة القياس والتقويم التربوي في الوزارة بتنفيذ الإجراءات النهائية لإدخال بيانات الطلبة الذين يفحصون الشهادة الابتدائية, ولكن تم إيقافه بسبب الأحداث الجارية.”

تشير منظمة الأمم المتحدة للطفولة (اليونيسيف) إلى أن أكثر من ٧ ملايين طفل يحتاجون إلى التعليم المنتظم، بالإضافة إلى حاجة أكثر من ٨ ملايين طفل إلى المساعدة الإنسانية. وقال الخبير التربوي أحمد مصطفى لالشرق الأوسط إن الرؤية لم تتضح بعد حول مصير العام الدراسي، ولكن إذا استمرت الحرب بين الجيش وقوات الدعم السريع، فإن, وسيؤثر حتما على العام الدراسي وعلى كل الشعب السوداني، ودعا طرفي النزاع إلى الجلوس للحوار.

هيام مختار

The future of education in light of the political crises in Sudan

Written by Hiyam Mukhtar

Some schools and universities were directly affected by the shelling with heavy weapons. On April 18, 2023, three students were killed as a result of a shell falling near their home in the East Nile region. Othman Abdel Moneim, 17, is scheduled to sit for secondary school exams on the tenth of next June, according to what the Ministry of Education in Sudan announced, but he put his pamphlets and books aside and began to follow with interest the war that broke out ten days ago. Between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces in Khartoum.

He was stricken with anxiety and fear from the sound of heavy weapons and bullets, which penetrated the ceilings and walls of homes and led to the deaths of a number of his peers. Othman prays to God for the war to end and says that this situation does not augur that the academic calendar will proceed as planned.

Othman’s condition is no different from that of more than 500,000 male and female students who will sit for the Sudanese certificate exams this year. They abandoned their notebooks after they saw on television and various media the fires and corpses lying on the ground, and they fear the same fate, said the spokesman for the Teachers’ Committee, Sami Al-Baqer. for «Middle East»

He added, “The academic year will be affected if the war continues between the army and the Rapid Support Forces for a period after Eid al-Fitr.” “The academic year will be affected because it is the scheduled date for some classes to sit for final exams,” noting that the academic year is scheduled to be 180 days, but it started 50 days late after it was suspended for 30 days due to the teachers’ strike.

Postponing the beginning of academic years is a challenge in Sudan. – Photo by The Independent Arabia

He pointed to efforts to compensate for the 80 days that were lost by increasing school hours during the day and making Saturday a school day and not a holiday, in addition to extending the school year for an additional 15 days, and he said: “If the war continues between the two parties, treatment becomes impossible, so the year becomes The study is not internationally accredited.

He pointed to efforts to compensate for the 80 days that were lost by increasing school hours during the day and making Saturday a school day and not a holiday, in addition to extending the school year for an additional 15 days, and he said: “If the war continues between the two parties, treatment becomes impossible, so the year becomes The study is not internationally accredited.

However, the director of secondary education at the Ministry of Education, Abd al-Karim Hassan, told Asharq Al-Awsat that the school year will not be affected by the war between the two parties to the conflict because the calendar has been amended so that secondary school exams will be held on the tenth of next June. However, he did not specify an exact number of students who will sit for the exams because the ministry has not finished counting them. He continued, “Last year, about 500,000 male and female students sat, and usually the number of those sitting is more than the year before,” noting that first- and second-year secondary students will sit for final exams on May 13, pointing to the difficulty of listing the schools that have been affected. war at this time.

The Director of the General Administration of Education for the Basic Stage in Khartoum State, Mohamed Hamdoun Al-Bashir, said that the academic calendar has ended, and the basic education exam, which includes the primary and intermediate stages, remains and is scheduled to start on the fifth of next month, and the primary certificate exams on the 22nd of the same month. Al-Bashir added, “Before the war broke out between the conflicting parties, the Department of Measurement and Educational Evaluation in the Ministry was carrying out the final procedures for entering the data of the students examining the primary certificate, but it was stopped due to the current events.”

The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) indicates that more than 7 million children need regular education, in addition to the need of more than 8 million children for humanitarian assistance. Educational expert Ahmed Mustafa told Asharq Al-Awsat that the vision is not yet clear about the fate of the academic year, but if the war continues between the army and RSF, it will inevitably affect the academic year and all the Sudanese people, and he called on the two parties to the conflict to sit down for dialogue.

L’invasione russa in Ucraina: Chi paga il prezzo di questa guerra?

Mahmud Darwish una volta ha disse riguardo alla guerra:

“La guerra finirà. I leader si stringeranno la mano. L’anziana donna continuerà̀ ad aspettare il figlio martire. Quella ragazza aspetterà il suo amato marito. E quei bambini aspetteranno il loro padre eroe. Non so chi abbia venduto la nostra patria, ma ho visto chi ne ha pagato il prezzo”.[1]

Nel corso degli anni, molti Paesi sono stati distrutti dalla guerra e dalla dittatura. Molti di questi erano abbastanza civilizzati prima che la guerra li rovinasse; pieni di cultura, sviluppo e civiltà̀, come Siria, Palestina, Libia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Yemen e molti altri.

L’avidità e l’egoismo di dittatori e politici corrotti hanno causato solo perdite a questi Paesi. Molte vite innocenti sono andate perdute; molti Paesi soffrono la povertà̀ a causa del cattivo governo da parte di regimi oppressivi. Le infrastrutture nazionali sono crollate a causa della guerra e anche l’ambiente ne ha risentito pesantemente.

The Costs of War Project, Watson institute of international and public affairs, Brown University, 2021

L’Ucraina si è ora unita al treno dei Paesi devastati dalla guerra a causa dell’avidità dei dittatori. Vladimir Putin non solo ha invaso uno Stato sovrano confinante, ma il suo regime sta anche esercitando la censura totale all’interno del territorio russo. I media russi indipendenti e i giornalisti che si esprimono contro il regime di Putin e su come i russi stiano soffrendo sotto la sua guida vengono molestati, intimiditi e detenuti illegalmente. Lo stesso trattamento viene riservato ai manifestanti che si oppongono a Putin e ai crimini commessi dal suo regime in Ucraina, come ad esempio costringere i giovani russi ad arruolarsi nelle forze armate senza informarli che parteciperanno all’invasione dell’Ucraina. Quanto descritto illustra bene l’immagine di uno “Stato totalitario”.

Come è stata influenzata l’istruzione?

L’impatto della guerra è chiaramente visibile nel settore dell’istruzione, in quanto l’accesso a quest’ultima sarà limitato a causa della scarsità di materiale didattico, dalla ristrettezza delle risorse economiche, fattore determinante nelle problematiche legate all’istruzione, e la propaganda diffusa dai dittatori per giustificare l’invasione o i crimini commessi dagli stessi contro i propri cittadini.

Molte strutture educative, come scuole e asili, sono state distrutte e danneggiate a causa della guerra in corso, la quale che minaccia il futuro dei bambini nel Pease, lasciandoli privi di accesso ad un sistema educativo.[2]

L’UNICEF ha recentemente pubblicato un rapporto sull’impatto dell’invasione russa sull’Ucraina. Secondo il rapporto, l’invasione ha lasciato più di 350.000 bambini senza accesso all’istruzione, a causa del danneggiamento di numerose infrastrutture scolastiche, mentre le metodologie di insegnamento insufficienti limitano l’accesso all’istruzione, lasciando i bambini senza accesso a un riparo sicuro, all’acqua e all’istruzione.[3]

L’effetto della guerra sui rifugiati ucraini e sugli studenti internazionali in Ucraina:

Molti ucraini hanno cercato rifugio in diversi Paesi dall’inizio della guerra. C’è stata molta preoccupazione per i bambini rifugiati e per il loro inserimento nei sistemi scolastici di altri Paesi, soprattutto a causa di eventuali barriere linguistiche. Le scuole polacche hanno accolto i bambini ucraini rifugiati nelle loro scuole e gli insegnanti polacchi li hanno aiutati a superare le menzionate barriere, adattandosi al sistema scolastico locale.[4]   D’altra parte, i bambini ucraini rifugiati nel Regno Unitosi trovano a dover superare numerosi ostacoli, poiché la maggior parte delle scuole inglesi stanno superando le loro capacità di registrazione. Inoltre, l’insufficienza dei finanziamenti per il settore dell’istruzione mette le scuole sotto pressione e facendo sì che gli studenti rifugiati vengano respinti.[5]

 

Anche gli studenti internazionali che studiavano nelle università ucraine, molti dei quali provengono dall’Africa, dall’Asia meridionale e dal Medio Oriente, sono vittime della guerra in corso. Molti di loro non sono riusciti a completare gli studi e sono stati costretti a fuggire in altri Paesi nella speranza di poter tornare presto in Ucraina e completare il corso di studi.[6] Molti di questi studenti stranieri hanno effettivamente lottato per trovare rifugio o per fuggire e, cosa più terribile, almeno due studenti in visita sono stati uccisi nei primi giorni di guerra.[7]

 

L’effetto della guerra sugli Stati post-sovietici e sulla Russia:

Dopo l’invasione dell’Ucraina da parte della Russia, i cittadini degli Stati post-sovietici temono che il controllo di Putin si estenda sui loro Paesi , ancor più la firma di un accordo di alleanza fra il presidente russo e quello azero Ilham Aliyev. L’accordo in 43 punti include un’alleanza economica ed educativa che aumenterà il controllo del regime di Putin in Azerbaigian .[8][9] Per esempio, lo studio della lingua russa diventerà obbligatorio negli istituti scolastici, più di quanto non lo fosse in precedenza negli Stati post-sovietici.[10]

Ultimamente, il Ministero dell’Istruzione russo ha iniziato a diffondere la propaganda nell’istruzione online, nel tentativo di influenzare i bambini con ideologie che glorificano la leadership di Putin e giustificano l’invasione russa dell’Ucraina . Queste lezioni online cercano di spiegare “perché la missione di liberazione in Ucraina era necessaria”.[11]C’è il rischio che queste lezioni contribuiscano a creare una generazione che incoraggia la guerra e sostiene la dittatura in Russia.

Certamente, arriverà un giorno in cui la guerra finirà, e gli sfollati torneranno nelle patrie dove hanno lasciato i loro cari per cercare rifugio in altre terre. I leader si stringeranno la mano per stabilire la pace nel mondo, ma a quale costo questo avverrà, quando tanti danni sono già stati fatti? Come dice Mahmoud Darwish “Non so chi ha venduto la nostra patria, ma ho visto chi ne ha pagato il prezzo”.

 

 

Di Zinat Asadova

[1] “La guerra finirà” Poesia di Mahmud Darwish

[2] Save the Children. (2022). Ucraina: Gli attacchi alle scuole mettono in pericolo la vita e il futuro dei bambini. Recuperato da https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and- futures

[3] Regione Europa e Asia Centrale (ECAR) dell’UNICEF. (2022). Rapporto sulla situazione in Ucraina – 24 febbraio 2022 (p. 2). Recuperato da https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf

[4] Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). La Polonia lotta per dare ai bambini ucraini accesso all’istruzione [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av- 61185207#:~:text=Circa%202%20milioni%20di%20Ucraini%20hanno,il%20sistema%20educativo%20della%20Polonia%20è%20 enorme.

[5] Abrams, F. (2022). I rifugiati ucraini potrebbero faticare a trovare posto nelle scuole inglesi, dicono i consigli. The Guardian. Recuperato da https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in- english-schools-councils-say

[6] Fallon, K. (2022). Gli studenti stranieri in fuga dalla guerra russa contro l’Ucraina sperano di tornare. Aljazeera.com. Recuperato da https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war

[7] La risposta dell’istruzione internazionale alla guerra in Ucraina. Monitor ICEF – Informazioni di mercato per il reclutamento internazionale di studenti. (2022). Recuperato da https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing- response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/

[8] Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Recuperato da https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622

 

[9] Presidente della Repubblica dell’Azerbaigian Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Dichiarazione sull’interazione tra la Repubblica dell’Azerbaigian e la Federazione Russa. Recuperato da https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498

[10] Aliyeva, J. (2022). Il presidente dell’Azerbaigian sottolinea l’importanza della lingua russa. Agenzia di stampa Report. Recuperato da https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/

[11] Pagina ufficiale del Ministero dell’Istruzione russo su Vkontakte. (2022). Una lezione aperta “I difensori della pace” (Открытый урок “Защитники мира”) [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2