Ukraine: Education disruption due to war

In February 2022, Russia initiated a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a conflict that has since disrupted the education of over 5 million children, as reported by UNICEF. Despite the current relative calm and the diversion of public attention to other conflicts, the ongoing struggle of Ukrainian children to access education remains evident. This is underscored by the declining learning patterns in the PISA 2023[i]  results.

UNICEF has been actively working to reconstruct an environment conducive to education for Ukrainian children. Thousands of schools, pre-schools, and other educational facilities have been targeted by continuous attacks, consequently, Ukrainian children struggle to gain access to education. This, coupled with parental concerns for their children’s safety, has led to reluctance to send children to school. [ii]

Education is of utmost importance during times of war for several reasons. It fosters mental health by providing a routine and a sense of normalcy and stability. Moreover, it is fundamental for the post-conflict perspective of the Ukrainian population. The longer a child is kept out of school, the less likely they are to return. Therefore, limiting time away from school is incredibly important. Education also provides the skills and qualifications needed to build lives for oneself and prosperity for one’s community[iii]. In the long term, a quality education promotes peace and post-conflict reconstruction. It helps young people develop the skills and qualifications they need to build lives for themselves and prosperity for their communities[iv]. Furthermore, education can foster resilience and unity among students, for instance, the Kyiv School of Economics has continued its educational activities and launched new projects focusing on the needs of business and society in Ukraine during war[v].

Most recently Russia attacked the capital, Kyiv, a hospital, school, kindergarten, morgue, and residential buildings were damaged in the attack, with the latest update stating that 53 people were injured. Twenty of them, including two children, were hospitalized as a result of the strikes[vi].

UNICEF has been collaborating with the Government to facilitate the return of children to education. This is achieved through various means, including in-person learning in classrooms when deemed safe, as well as online or community-based alternatives. Despite the numerous challenges, nearly two million children were able to access online learning opportunities. Additionally, 1.3 million children were enrolled in a mix of in-person and online learning. However, the attacks that primarily targeted energy sources and electricity have resulted in most failures in accessing education. This makes it impossible for children to continue their education.[vii]

In conclusion, the conflict in Ukraine has disrupted the education of millions of children, a situation that has been further complicated by the destruction of educational facilities and the diversion of public attention to other conflicts. Despite these challenges, UNICEF has been actively working to reconstruct an environment conducive to education for Ukrainian children. Considering the role of the United Nations in this situation is crucial. It is not only a matter of rebuilding schools and preschools, but also of ensuring that the Ukrainian children have access to education, regardless of their location, and provide psychological support. The United Nations, through UNICEF, has a unique opportunity to play a significant role in this situation[viii].

How war in Ukraine affects education

Written by Katerina Chalenko

On February 24, 2022, Thursday, at 3:40 am, a full-scale war broke out in Ukraine.

Undoubtedly, the hostilities in the country have a negative impact on the psychological and physical condition of the citizens, both children and adults. Entire families were forced to hide from constant shelling, leave their homes and flee to other regions or countries due the danger situation in the regions where they live.

The martial law in Ukraine has changed the lives of every citizen and affected all spheres of life.

EU projects on education and psychosocial support to children in Eastern Ukraine. Photo by EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid on Flickr.

But how did the war affect education in Ukraine?

Within weeks of the invasion, nearly 16 million Ukrainians were forced to flee their homes and seek refuge abroad and in other parts of Ukraine. Many of these were women and children, causing significant harm to Ukraine’s majority female teaching force and their students.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, teachers around the world developed remote teaching skills. Now that the war has again divided their classrooms, Ukrainian teachers have adapted these skills to teach students across Europe and the world.

Like Ukraine itself, which has shown tremendous resistance, educators (teachers, professors, etc.) have continued their educational efforts despite enormous odds.  Since the military invasion, teachers have continued to teach their students in bomb shelters during active bombardment. Gas stations and grocery stores powered by generators are turning into centers for filming virtual lessons.

Ukraine’s response and persistent challenges to Education

Ukraine’s literacy rate is 99.8%, one of the highest in the world, and education is a source of national pride. In wartime, the Ukrainian government is working to adapt the education system to new realities.

The day after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine began on February 24, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine recommended that the educational process in educational institutions of all levels be suspended and that students be sent on a two-week vacation. During this time, part of Ukraine’s territory was temporarily occupied, and a number of cities and villages (Mariupol, Chernihiv, Sumy, Kharkiv, and others) became the scene of active hostilities.

On March 14, the educational process began to resume in areas where the security situation allowed it.

Children who live far from the hostilities zone and did not move to other regions of Ukraine or abroad during the war are enrolled in full-time, distance, or mixed forms of education.

However, due to prolonged air raids and power outages of several hours, the educational process in the safe areas is also interrupted. After all, when teachers and students are in a shelter during an air raid or without electricity and, accordingly, high-quality Internet, participants in the educational process cannot continue either full-time or distance learning at this time. Therefore, students spend a significant portion of their school time studying on their own. All this only exacerbates educational losses.

Students, who have been forced to change their place of residence within Ukraine, sometimes even repeatedly, experience interruptions in their education and educational losses. For internally displaced students, one of the biggest challenges is adapting to a new environment and integrating into a new educational institution and establishing communication with teachers and peers. Loss or separation from loved ones, separation from friends, change of residence, stress from the events experienced, because someone left the very “center of hell” – all this causes psychological stress for the child.

One of the most difficult is the situation with children living in the hostilities zone or on the contact line or close to the hostilities zone. There is currently no information on the number of such children who remain close to these zones.

Children in these territories are in constant danger, under fire, forced to hide in basements or other safe places as far as possible. There is often no communication, electricity, gas, water, or heat supply in these areas, some of the houses are destroyed, and children have no more or less equipped shelter or refuge. Therefore, the main thing here is to preserve the lives and health of children, and the educational process should be implemented whenever possible – and only in those forms that do not expose children to additional danger. Some children do not study at all, while others study independently where possible. Therefore, this group of children will suffer the greatest educational losses. At the same time, as we have already noted, children in difficult life circumstances also need special attention.

Each group of students has two common problems. These are educational losses, which are different for all groups of students, because it is clear that children who live far from the combat zone and have not changed their place of residence will have less educational losses than other children. Therefore, each educational institution and each community should have an individual strategy for compensating for educational losses, as well as a general state Ukrainian strategy for compensating for educational losses.

Another common problem is the need for psychological assistance to all groups of students, the level of which will also vary depending on the circumstances experienced by the child.

Fear and hope in eastern Ukraine: education in the shadow of conflict. Photo by EU Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid on Flickr.

Access to education requires

First, education in times of war is an important topic that requires cooperation between government agencies, aid organizations, and the international community to maximize educational opportunities and protect children in such difficult circumstances. Cooperation with local organizations, social workers, and independent experts is needed to ensure that educational opportunities for children are adapted and accessible.

Secondly, to ensure access to education during war, it is necessary to provide sufficient financial resources, appropriate infrastructure and equipment.

Thirdly, it is important to remember that education in time of war is not limited to learning with books. Children need a variety of educational opportunities, including social and emotional support, cultural activities, and access to media and technology.

Fourth, education should be adapted to the situation of war and meet the needs of children to help them adapt to life in difficult circumstances in the future.

And most importantly, one of the key aspects of education in times of war is ensuring the safety of children and teachers. During war, schools are often targeted, resulting in loss of life and destruction of equipment. Schools need to be secured to protect the lives of children and teachers and ensure the continuity of the educational process.                                              

In addition, education in time of war should be accessible to all children, regardless of their social status or religious affiliation. War-related migration and unequal access to education can lead to discrimination and exclusion of some children. It is necessary to ensure accessible and equal educational opportunities for all children to prevent discrimination and ensure equal chances for all children in the future. This requires cooperation with local organizations, social workers, and independent experts to develop and implement strategies to ensure that education is accessible to all children during war.

Students in Ukraine engage in leisure activities. Photo by UNICEF Ukraine.

Conclusions

For sure, war has a significant negative impact on education, but with the right efforts and support, it is possible to mitigate these effects and help children in the future. Of course, many students do not have access to educational programs or the opportunity to join online learning. Those students who have traveled abroad face language problems and struggle to adapt to a different learning system.

Despite the fact that every student was in a terrible and difficult situation, the educational process resumed in spite of everything.

References
https://texty.org.ua/fragments/108683/yak-vijna-vplyvaye-na-ukrayinskyh-shkolyariv-doslidzhennya/

https://eo.gov.ua/de-i-iak-navchaiutsia-ukrainski-dity-v-chasy-viyny-problemy-propozytsii-rekomendatsii/2022/11/16/

https://lb.ua/blog/olena_vyshniakova/543064_osvita_pid_chas_viyni_shcho_zminilosya_i_yak.html

L’invasione russa in Ucraina: Chi paga il prezzo di questa guerra?

Mahmud Darwish una volta ha disse riguardo alla guerra:

“La guerra finirà. I leader si stringeranno la mano. L’anziana donna continuerà̀ ad aspettare il figlio martire. Quella ragazza aspetterà il suo amato marito. E quei bambini aspetteranno il loro padre eroe. Non so chi abbia venduto la nostra patria, ma ho visto chi ne ha pagato il prezzo”.[1]

Nel corso degli anni, molti Paesi sono stati distrutti dalla guerra e dalla dittatura. Molti di questi erano abbastanza civilizzati prima che la guerra li rovinasse; pieni di cultura, sviluppo e civiltà̀, come Siria, Palestina, Libia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Somalia, Yemen e molti altri.

L’avidità e l’egoismo di dittatori e politici corrotti hanno causato solo perdite a questi Paesi. Molte vite innocenti sono andate perdute; molti Paesi soffrono la povertà̀ a causa del cattivo governo da parte di regimi oppressivi. Le infrastrutture nazionali sono crollate a causa della guerra e anche l’ambiente ne ha risentito pesantemente.

The Costs of War Project, Watson institute of international and public affairs, Brown University, 2021

L’Ucraina si è ora unita al treno dei Paesi devastati dalla guerra a causa dell’avidità dei dittatori. Vladimir Putin non solo ha invaso uno Stato sovrano confinante, ma il suo regime sta anche esercitando la censura totale all’interno del territorio russo. I media russi indipendenti e i giornalisti che si esprimono contro il regime di Putin e su come i russi stiano soffrendo sotto la sua guida vengono molestati, intimiditi e detenuti illegalmente. Lo stesso trattamento viene riservato ai manifestanti che si oppongono a Putin e ai crimini commessi dal suo regime in Ucraina, come ad esempio costringere i giovani russi ad arruolarsi nelle forze armate senza informarli che parteciperanno all’invasione dell’Ucraina. Quanto descritto illustra bene l’immagine di uno “Stato totalitario”.

Come è stata influenzata l’istruzione?

L’impatto della guerra è chiaramente visibile nel settore dell’istruzione, in quanto l’accesso a quest’ultima sarà limitato a causa della scarsità di materiale didattico, dalla ristrettezza delle risorse economiche, fattore determinante nelle problematiche legate all’istruzione, e la propaganda diffusa dai dittatori per giustificare l’invasione o i crimini commessi dagli stessi contro i propri cittadini.

Molte strutture educative, come scuole e asili, sono state distrutte e danneggiate a causa della guerra in corso, la quale che minaccia il futuro dei bambini nel Pease, lasciandoli privi di accesso ad un sistema educativo.[2]

L’UNICEF ha recentemente pubblicato un rapporto sull’impatto dell’invasione russa sull’Ucraina. Secondo il rapporto, l’invasione ha lasciato più di 350.000 bambini senza accesso all’istruzione, a causa del danneggiamento di numerose infrastrutture scolastiche, mentre le metodologie di insegnamento insufficienti limitano l’accesso all’istruzione, lasciando i bambini senza accesso a un riparo sicuro, all’acqua e all’istruzione.[3]

L’effetto della guerra sui rifugiati ucraini e sugli studenti internazionali in Ucraina:

Molti ucraini hanno cercato rifugio in diversi Paesi dall’inizio della guerra. C’è stata molta preoccupazione per i bambini rifugiati e per il loro inserimento nei sistemi scolastici di altri Paesi, soprattutto a causa di eventuali barriere linguistiche. Le scuole polacche hanno accolto i bambini ucraini rifugiati nelle loro scuole e gli insegnanti polacchi li hanno aiutati a superare le menzionate barriere, adattandosi al sistema scolastico locale.[4]   D’altra parte, i bambini ucraini rifugiati nel Regno Unitosi trovano a dover superare numerosi ostacoli, poiché la maggior parte delle scuole inglesi stanno superando le loro capacità di registrazione. Inoltre, l’insufficienza dei finanziamenti per il settore dell’istruzione mette le scuole sotto pressione e facendo sì che gli studenti rifugiati vengano respinti.[5]

 

Anche gli studenti internazionali che studiavano nelle università ucraine, molti dei quali provengono dall’Africa, dall’Asia meridionale e dal Medio Oriente, sono vittime della guerra in corso. Molti di loro non sono riusciti a completare gli studi e sono stati costretti a fuggire in altri Paesi nella speranza di poter tornare presto in Ucraina e completare il corso di studi.[6] Molti di questi studenti stranieri hanno effettivamente lottato per trovare rifugio o per fuggire e, cosa più terribile, almeno due studenti in visita sono stati uccisi nei primi giorni di guerra.[7]

 

L’effetto della guerra sugli Stati post-sovietici e sulla Russia:

Dopo l’invasione dell’Ucraina da parte della Russia, i cittadini degli Stati post-sovietici temono che il controllo di Putin si estenda sui loro Paesi , ancor più la firma di un accordo di alleanza fra il presidente russo e quello azero Ilham Aliyev. L’accordo in 43 punti include un’alleanza economica ed educativa che aumenterà il controllo del regime di Putin in Azerbaigian .[8][9] Per esempio, lo studio della lingua russa diventerà obbligatorio negli istituti scolastici, più di quanto non lo fosse in precedenza negli Stati post-sovietici.[10]

Ultimamente, il Ministero dell’Istruzione russo ha iniziato a diffondere la propaganda nell’istruzione online, nel tentativo di influenzare i bambini con ideologie che glorificano la leadership di Putin e giustificano l’invasione russa dell’Ucraina . Queste lezioni online cercano di spiegare “perché la missione di liberazione in Ucraina era necessaria”.[11]C’è il rischio che queste lezioni contribuiscano a creare una generazione che incoraggia la guerra e sostiene la dittatura in Russia.

Certamente, arriverà un giorno in cui la guerra finirà, e gli sfollati torneranno nelle patrie dove hanno lasciato i loro cari per cercare rifugio in altre terre. I leader si stringeranno la mano per stabilire la pace nel mondo, ma a quale costo questo avverrà, quando tanti danni sono già stati fatti? Come dice Mahmoud Darwish “Non so chi ha venduto la nostra patria, ma ho visto chi ne ha pagato il prezzo”.

 

 

Di Zinat Asadova

[1] “La guerra finirà” Poesia di Mahmud Darwish

[2] Save the Children. (2022). Ucraina: Gli attacchi alle scuole mettono in pericolo la vita e il futuro dei bambini. Recuperato da https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and- futures

[3] Regione Europa e Asia Centrale (ECAR) dell’UNICEF. (2022). Rapporto sulla situazione in Ucraina – 24 febbraio 2022 (p. 2). Recuperato da https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf

[4] Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). La Polonia lotta per dare ai bambini ucraini accesso all’istruzione [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av- 61185207#:~:text=Circa%202%20milioni%20di%20Ucraini%20hanno,il%20sistema%20educativo%20della%20Polonia%20è%20 enorme.

[5] Abrams, F. (2022). I rifugiati ucraini potrebbero faticare a trovare posto nelle scuole inglesi, dicono i consigli. The Guardian. Recuperato da https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in- english-schools-councils-say

[6] Fallon, K. (2022). Gli studenti stranieri in fuga dalla guerra russa contro l’Ucraina sperano di tornare. Aljazeera.com. Recuperato da https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war

[7] La risposta dell’istruzione internazionale alla guerra in Ucraina. Monitor ICEF – Informazioni di mercato per il reclutamento internazionale di studenti. (2022). Recuperato da https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing- response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/

[8] Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Recuperato da https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622

 

[9] Presidente della Repubblica dell’Azerbaigian Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Dichiarazione sull’interazione tra la Repubblica dell’Azerbaigian e la Federazione Russa. Recuperato da https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498

[10] Aliyeva, J. (2022). Il presidente dell’Azerbaigian sottolinea l’importanza della lingua russa. Agenzia di stampa Report. Recuperato da https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/

[11] Pagina ufficiale del Ministero dell’Istruzione russo su Vkontakte. (2022). Una lezione aperta “I difensori della pace” (Открытый урок “Защитники мира”) [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Oroszország lerohanta Ukrajnát: Ki fizeti meg a háború árát?

Mahmud Darwish palesztin költő és író így nyilatkozott a háború jelenségéről:

„A háborúk véget érnek egyszer. A vezetők kezet ráznak. Az öreg hölgy örökké várakozik a mártírhalált halt fiára. Egy lány várni fog szeretett férjének visszatérésére. És gyermekek várják haza hősként ünnepelt édesapjukat. Nem tudom, ki adta el a szülőföldünket, de azt láttam, hogy ki fizette meg az árát.” [1]

Az évek során számos országot pusztítottak el háborúk és diktatúrák. Ezek közül sok ország fejlett volt, mielőtt a háborúk tönkretették volna őket; virágzó kultúrával és fejlett társadalmi és technológiai vívmányokkal rendelkeztek, mint például Szíria, Palesztina, Líbia, Afganisztán, Irak, Szomália, Jemen és még sorolhatnánk.

Diktátorok és korrupt politikusok kapzsisága és önzése nyomorba taszította ezeket az országokat. Sok ártatlan élet elvesztett; sok ország most is szenved a szegénységtől elnyomó rezsimek rossz kormányzása alatt. A háborúk miatt a nemzeti infrastruktúrák összeomlottak, miközben a pusztítás az országok környezeti értékeire is káros hatással voltak.

The Costs of War Project, Watson  Institut für internationale und öffentliche Angelegenheiten, Brown Universität, 2021

 

Ukrajna most csatlakozott azon országok sorához, amelyeket diktátorok kapzsisága miatt háború tesz tönkre. Vlagyimir Putyin nem csak megszállt egy Oroszországgal szomszédos szuverén államot, de rendszere teljes cenzúrát gyakorol a háborúról történő orosz kommunikáció felett is. A független orosz médiumokat és újságírókat, akik felszólalnak Putyin rezsimje, illetve a rezsimje által okozott orosz állampolgárok szenvedései ellen, azokat megfélemlítik és akár törvénytelenül őrizetbe is veszik őket. Ugyanígy bánnak azokkal a tüntetőkkel is, akik ellenzik Putyin uralmát és a rezsimje által Ukrajnában elkövetett bűnöket, például azt, hogy fiatal oroszokat kényszerítenek az orosz fegyveres erőkhöz való csatlakozásra anélkül, hogy tájékoztatnák őket arról, hogy részt vesznek Ukrajna lerohanásában. Mindezek tankönyvi példák lehetnének arra, hogyan is működik egy totalitárius állam.

Hogyan érintette az ukrán oktatást a háború?

A háború lesújtó hatással volt az ukrán oktatásra: az oktatási anyagok hiánya és a szegénység miatt az oktatáshoz való hozzáférés korlátozott. A háború miatt számos oktatási intézmény, például iskola és óvoda megsemmisült vagy megrongálódott, ami veszélyezteti az országban élő gyermekek jövőjét.[2]

Az UNICEF nemrégiben közzétett egy jelentést az Ukrajnába történő orosz invázió hatásairól. A jelentés szerint az invázió miatt több mint 350 000 iskolás gyermek nem jut oktatáshoz, mivel az iskolai infrastruktúra megrongálódott vagy megsemmisült. Mindeközben a tanárok által elsajátított tanítási módszerek sok esetben nem hatékonyak egy háború sújtotta szegényes oktatási környezetben, ez pedig szintén korlátozza az ukrán gyermekek minőségi oktatáshoz való hozzáférését. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a háború megfosztja az ukrán gyerekeket attól, hogy biztonságos menedékhez, vízhez vagy megfelelő oktatáshoz jussanak. [3]

Néhány probléma, amellyel az ukrán gyermekmenekültek szembesülnek az őket fogadó országokban

A háború kezdete óta sok ukrán keresett menedéket különböző országokban. Különösen sok probléma merül fel a gyermekmenekültek más országok iskolarendszerébe történő integrálásával kapcsolatban, főként a nyelvi akadályok miatt. A kihívások ellenére például a lengyelországi iskolák pozitívan viszonyultak a problémához, és iskoláik nemcsak befogadták az ukrán gyermekmenekülteket, de aktívan igyekeztek minél jobban segíteni a beilleszkedésüket. A lengyel tanárok támogatást nyújtottak az új ukrán diákoknak a nyelvi akadályok leküzdésében és a lengyel oktatási rendszerhez való alkalmazkodásban.[4]

Azonban nem minden ország fogadta ilyen jól a gyermekmenekültek érkezésének kihívását. Az Egyesült Királyságban menedéket kereső ukrán gyerekek jelentős problémákkal néznek szembe, mivel az angol nyelvet gyakran alig vagy egyáltalán nem ismerő diákok beiratkozása és beilleszkedése meghaladja a legtöbb brit iskola kapacitását. Ehhez jön még a brit oktatási rendszer elégtelen finanszírozásának problémája, ami nagy nyomás alá helyezi az Egyesült Királyság iskoláit, és a menekült diákok beiratkozási kérelmének gyakori elutasítását eredményezi.[5]

 

A háború hatása a nemzetközi diákokra Ukrajnában

Az ukrán egyetemeken tanuló nemzetközi diákok, akik közül sokan Afrikából, Dél-Ázsiából és a Közel-Keletről érkeztek, szintén a háború áldozatai lettek. Sokan közülük nem tudták befejezni tanulmányaikat, és kénytelenek voltak más országokba menekülni abban a reményben, hogy hamarosan visszatérhetnek Ukrajnába, és befejezhetik tanulmányaikat.[6]  Azonban sokuknak jelentős problémát jelentett a menekülés, mivel nem ukrán állampolgárként ügyüket a potenciális európai befogadó országok másképp kezelték. Ráadásul számos külföldi diák életét vesztette a háborúban, és legalább ketten estek áldozatul a fegyveres konfliktusnak csak a kitörést követő első napokban.[7]

A háború hatása a posztszovjet államokra és Oroszországra

Oroszország ukrajnai inváziója óta a posztszovjet államok polgárai félelemben élnek, hogy Putyin ellenőrzése átveszi országaikat. Az azerbajdzsáni példa különösen aggasztó, mivel azerbajdzsáni elnök, Ilham Alijev aláírt egy olyan megállapodást Oroszországgal, mely óriási teret enged az orosz befolyásnak. A 43 pontból álló dokumentum oktatási és gazdasági szempontokból is szorosabbra fogja a két ország szövetségét, ami elkerülhetetlenül növeli a Putyin-rezsim befolyását Azerbajdzsánban.[8] Ez például abban nyilvánul meg, hogy az orosz nyelv nagyobb mértékben válik kötelező tantárggyá az oktatási intézményekben.[9]

Az utóbbi időben az orosz oktatási minisztérium új platformot talált a propagandaterjesztésre az online oktatáson keresztül. Olyan ideológiákkal igyekeznek befolyásolni a gyerekeket, amelyek Putyin vezetését dicsőítik, és elmagyarázzák, “miért volt szükség az ukrajnai felszabadító misszióra”.  Nagy a kockázata annak, hogy ezek a leckék hozzájárulnak egy olyan generáció kifejlődéséhez, amely támogatja mind a háborút, mind Putyin oroszországi diktatúráját, ez pedig veszélyt jelent egy demokratikus orosz társadalom lehetőségének jövőjére nézve.[10]

 

Reméljük, eljön majd a nap, amikor a háborúk véget érnek, és a kitelepített vagy elmenekült emberek visszatérhetnek szülőföldjükre, ahol szeretteiket hagyták. A vezetők kezet fognak rázni, hogy békét teremtsenek a világban, de milyen áron fog ez megtörténni, amikor már annyi kárt okoztak? Nos, a hazákat eladták, népeik pedig megfizették az árát.

 

 

By Zinat Asadova

Translated by Johanna Farkas from https://brokenchalk.org/russias-invasion-to-ukraine-who-will-pay-the-price-for-this-war-2/

Russia’s Invasion to Ukraine: Who Will Pay the Price for This War?

 

Sources;

[1] “The war will end” Poem by Mahmud Darwish

[2] Save the Children. (2022). Ukraine: Attacks on schools endangering children’s lives and futures. Retrieved from https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and-futures

[3] UNICEF Europe & Central Asia Region (ECAR). (2022). Ukraine Situation Report – 24 February 2022 (p. 2). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf

[4] Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). Poland fights to give Ukrainian kids access to education [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av-61185207#:~:text=About%202%20million%20Ukrainians%20have,Poland’s%20education%20system%20is%20enormous.

[5] Abrams, F. (2022). Ukraine refugees may struggle to find places in English schools, councils say. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in-english-schools-councils-say

[6] Fallon, K. (2022). Foreign students fleeing Russia’s war on Ukraine hope to return. Aljazeera.com. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war

[7] International education’s continuing response to the war in Ukraine. ICEF Monitor – Market intelligence for international student recruitment. (2022). Retrieved from https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/

[8] Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622; President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Declaration on allied interaction between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation. Retrieved from https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498

[9] Aliyeva, J. (2022). Azerbaijani president notes importance of Russian language. Report News Agency. Retrieved from https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/

[10] Russia’s Ministry of Education Official Page on Vkontakte. (2022). An Open lesson “Defenders of Peace” (Открытый урок «Защитники мира») [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2

Russlands Invasion in der Ukraine: Wer zahlt den Preis für diesen Krieg?

Mahmud Darwish sagte einmal über den Krieg:

„Der Krieg wird enden. Die Führer werden sich die Hände schütteln. Die alte Frau wird weiter auf ihren getöteten Sohn warten. Das Mädchen wird auf ihren geliebten Ehemann warten. Und diese Kinder werden auf ihren heldenhaften Vater warten. Ich weiß nicht, wer unser Heimatland verkauft hat, aber ich habe gesehen, wer den Preis dafür bezahlt hat.“ 

Im Laufe der Jahre sind viele Länder durch Krieg und Diktatur zerstört worden. Viele dieser Länder waren hinreichend zivilisiert, bevor der Krieg sie ruiniert hat; voller Kultur, Entwicklung und Zivilisation, wie Syrien, Palästina, Libyen, Afghanistan, der Irak, Somalia, Jemen und viele mehr. 

Die Gier und der Egoismus von Diktatoren und korrupten Politikern haben diesen Ländern nichts als Schaden zugefügt. Viele unschuldige Menschen haben ihr Leben verloren und viele leiden unter Armut als Folge der schlechten Regierungsführung durch tyrannische Regime. Die nationalen Infrastrukturen sind aufgrund von Kriegen zusammengebrochen, und auch die Umwelt wurde stark in Mitleidenschaft gezogen.

 

The Costs of War Project, Watson  Institut für internationale und öffentliche Angelegenheiten, Brown Universität, 2021

 

Die Ukraine hat sich nun der Reihe der Länder angeschlossen, die aufgrund der Gier der Diktatoren durch Krieg zerstört wurden. Vladimir Putin ist nicht nur in einen benachbarten souveränen Staat eingedrungen, sein Regime übt auch auf russischem Territorium eine vollständige Zensur aus. Unabhängige russische Medien und Journalisten, die sich gegen Putins Regime und darüber aussprechen, wie die Russen unter seiner Führung leiden, werden schikaniert, eingeschüchtert und rechtswidrig festgenommen. Die gleiche Behandlung widerfährt Demonstranten, die sich gegen Putin und die von seinem Regime in der Ukraine begangenen Verbrechen stellen. Ein Beispiel ist der Fakt, dass junge Russen dazu gezwungen werden, sich den Streitkräften anzuschließen, ohne darüber informiert zu sein, dass sie sich somit an der Invasion in die Ukraine beteiligen. All dies beschreibt treffend, wie ein „totalitärer Staat“ aussieht.

Wie hat sich der Krieg auf das Bildungswesen ausgewirkt?

Die Auswirkungen des Krieges sind im Bildungssektor deutlich sichtbar, da der Zugang zu Bildung aufgrund des Mangels an Bildungsmaterial eingeschränkt ist. Eine große Rolle spielen dabei Armut sowie die Propaganda, die von Diktatoren verbreitet wird, um eine Invasion oder die Verbrechen an ihren eigenen Bürgern zu rechtfertigen.

Viele Bildungseinrichtungen wie Schulen und Kindergärten wurden aufgrund des andauernden Krieges in der Ukraine zerstört und beschädigt, was die Zukunft der Kinder im Lande gefährdet und ihnen den Zugang zu Bildung verwehrt.  

UNICEF hat kürzlich einen Bericht über die Auswirkungen der russischen Invasion in der Ukraine veröffentlicht. Dem Bericht zufolge hat die Invasion dazu geführt, dass mehr als 350.000 Schulkinder keinen Zugang zu Bildung haben, da die schulische Infrastruktur beschädigt oder zerstört wurde. Zudem schränken mangelhafte Unterrichtsmethoden den Zugang zu Bildung ein, so dass es den Kindern an sicherer Unterkunft, Wasser und Bildung fehlt. 

Die Auswirkungen des Krieges auf ukrainische Flüchtlinge und internationale Studierende in der Ukraine:

Viele Ukrainer haben seit Beginn des Krieges in verschiedenen Ländern Zuflucht gesucht. Die Sorge um die Flüchtlingskinder und die Frage, wie sie in die Schulsysteme anderer Länder integriert werden können, ist groß, vor allem aufgrund von Sprachbarrieren. Die Schulen in Polen haben ukrainische Flüchtlingskinder aufgenommen, und polnische Lehrer haben diesen Schülern geholfen, die Sprachbarriere zu überwinden und sich an das polnische Bildungssystem anzupassen. Jedoch stehen die ukrainischen Flüchtlingskinder im Vereinigten Königreich vor einer großen Herausforderung, da die meisten Schulen im Vereinigten Königreich ihre Aufnahmekapazitäten überschreiten, wenn sie neue Schüler aufnehmen. Hinzu kommt, dass die unzureichende Finanzierung des Bildungssektors die Schulen unter großen Druck setzt, was dazu führt, dass Flüchtlingsschüler abgewiesen werden.

Auch internationale Studenten, die an ukrainischen Universitäten studierten und von denen viele aus Afrika, Südasien und dem Nahen Osten stammen, sind Opfer des anhaltenden Krieges. Viele von ihnen konnten ihr Studium nicht abschließen und waren gezwungen, in andere Länder zu fliehen, immer in der Hoffnung, dass sie bald in die Ukraine zurückkehren und ihr Studium beenden können.  Viele dieser ausländischen Studenten hatten große Mühe, Zuflucht zu finden oder zu fliehen. Am drastischsten ist, dass mindestens zwei Gaststudenten in den ersten Tagen des Krieges getötet wurden.   

 

Die Auswirkungen des Krieges auf die postsowjetischen Staaten und auf Russland:

Seit dem Einmarsch Russlands in die Ukraine haben die Bürger der postsowjetischen Staaten große Angst, dass Putins Kontrolle auch ihre Länder erreicht, insbesondere nachdem der aserbaidschanische Präsident Ilham Alijew ein Bündnisabkommen zwischen Russland und Aserbaidschan unterzeichnete. Das 43-Punkte-Abkommen beinhaltet eine Bildungs- und Wirtschaftsallianz, die die Kontrolle des Putin-Regimes in Aserbaidschan verstärken wird.     So wird beispielsweise die russische Sprache in den Bildungseinrichtungen obligatorisch werden, und zwar in stärkerem Maße, als dies bisher in den postsowjetischen Staaten der Fall war. 

In letzter Zeit hat das russische Bildungsministerium damit begonnen, im Online-Unterricht Propaganda zu verbreiten, um Kinder mit Ideologien zu beeinflussen, die Putins Führung verherrlichen und Russlands Einmarsch in die Ukraine rechtfertigen. In diesen Online-Lektionen wird versucht zu erklären, “warum die Befreiungsmission der Ukraine notwendig war”.  Es besteht ein hohes Risiko, dass dieser Unterricht dazu beiträgt, eine Generation heranzubilden, die zum Krieg aufruft und die Diktatur in Russland unterstützt, was eine Gefahr für die Zukunft der russischen Gesellschaft darstellt.

Gewiss wird der Tag kommen, an dem der Krieg zu Ende sein wird und die Vertriebenen in ihre Heimatländer zurückkehren werden, wo sie ihre Angehörigen zurückgelassen haben, um in anderen Ländern Zuflucht zu suchen. Die Staats- und Regierungschefs werden sich die Hände reichen, um Frieden in der Welt zu schaffen. Doch zu welchem Preis wird das geschehen, wenn schon so viel Schaden angerichtet wurde? Wie Mahmoud Darwish sagt: “Ich weiß nicht, wer unsere Heimat verkauft hat, aber ich habe gesehen, wer den Preis dafür bezahlt hat”.

 

Von Zinat Asadova

Übersetzt von/ translated by Vivien Kretz 

 

Sources;

  1. “The war will end” Poem by Mahmud Darwish
  2. Save the Children. (2022). Ukraine: Attacks on schools endangering children’s lives and futures. Retrieved from https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and-futures
  3. UNICEF Europe & Central Asia Region (ECAR). (2022). Ukraine Situation Report – 24 February 2022 (p. 2). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf
  4. Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). Poland fights to give Ukrainian kids access to education [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av-61185207#:~:text=About%202%20million%20Ukrainians%20have,Poland’s%20education%20system%20is%20enormous.
  5. Abrams, F. (2022). Ukraine refugees may struggle to find places in English schools, councils say. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in-english-schools-councils-say
  6. Fallon, K. (2022). Foreign students fleeing Russia’s war on Ukraine hope to return. Aljazeera.com. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war
  7. International education’s continuing response to the war in Ukraine. ICEF Monitor – Market intelligence for international student recruitment. (2022). Retrieved from https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/
  8. Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622
  9. President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Declaration on allied interaction between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation. Retrieved from https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498
  10. Aliyeva, J. (2022). Azerbaijani president notes importance of Russian language. Report News Agency. Retrieved from https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/
  11. Russia’s Ministry of Education Official Page on Vkontakte. (2022). An Open lesson “Defenders of Peace” (Открытый урок «Защитники мира») [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2

Invazia Rusiei în Ucraina: Cine plătește pentru acest război?

“Războiul se va sfârși. Liderii voi da mâna. Bătrâna va continua să îsi aștepte fiul. Femeia va continua să își aștepte bărbatul. Și copiii își vor aștepta tatăl.”

În istoria contemporana, după cum am văzut în Siria, Palestina, Libia, Afganistan, Irac Somalia sau Yemen, deconectarea de popor, lăcomia și egoismul dictatorilor au cauzat doar pierderi în toate sectoarele societății. S-au pierdut milioane de vieți, iar, odată intrate în conflict sau război, țările suferă economic la un nivel tragic, ca rezultat a guvernării noi și a implicitului regim opresiv. S-au prăbușit Infrastructuri naționale, în timp ce mediul a fost grav afectat, de asemenea. 

 

Costul pentru un proiect de război, Institutul Watson de Relații Internaționale și Publice, Brown University, 2021

 

Ucraina a intrat în grupul de țări care sunt distruse de război. Putin a invadat o țară suverană, exercitând cenzură completă în Rusia. Orice mass-media rusească sau jurnalist care face declarații care nu sunt în conformitate cu politica Rusiei sau care se referă la tratamentele dictatoriale, sunt intimidați și deținuți. Același tratament se aplică și celor care protestează împotriva lui Putin și a crimelor comise de regimul lui în Ucraina Toate aceste acțiuni descriu cum arată un stat totalitarian. 

Cum a fost afectată educația? 

În Ucraina, impactul războiului este evident, cu o limitare vizibilă al accesului la educație, în principal din cauza distrugerii infrastructurii și al materialului educațional. UNICEF a publicat un raport privind impactul invaziei rusești în Ucraina, comfort căruia 350,000 de copii rămăseseră fără acces la educație doar la începutul războiului.[2] Acum, după jumătate de an de război, numărul a crescut semnificativ, în timp numărul oamenilor rămași fără casă, mâncare sau apă se înmulțește.[3]

Efectul războiului asupra refugiaților și a studenților internaționali în Ucraina

De la începutul războiului, mulți ucrainieni au trebuit să se refugieze în țări vecine. De atunci, o întrebare centrala a fost cum vor fi incorporați copiii ucrainiei în sistemul de învățământ al țării în care se află, în special când nu vorbesc limba respectivă. Această problemă a fost primită de intenții pozitive din partea școlilor poloneze care îi  ajută pe elevi să depășească diferențele de limbă.[4] Pe cealaltă parte, copiii refugiați din Ucraina aflați în Anglia trec prin multe provocări, pentru că școlile englezești sunt deja la capacitate maxima. În plus, sunt fonduri insuficiente pentru educație, ceea ce pune școlile sub presiune și rezultă în refuzarea primirii elevilor ucrainieini. 

Studenții internaționali care învățau la universități din Ucraina, mulți care vin din Africa, Asia de Sud și Orientul Mijlociu, sunt, de asemenea victimele războiului. Mulți nu au putut să își finalizeze studiile și au fost forțați să se ducă în alte țări, în speranța că se vor putea întoarce în Ucraina curând.[6] Mulți dintre acești studenți străini au întâmpinat dificultăți enorme să găsească refugiu sau sa plece definitiv. În mod tragic, cel puțin doi studenți care vizitau țara au fost uciși în primele zile de război.[7]

 

Efectul războiului asupra statelor post-comuniste și Rusia:

De la începutul invaziei rusești, statelor post-comuniste le-a fost frică de posibilele planuri ale lui Putin de a prelua controlul zonei fostei URSS, în special după ce președintele Azerbaidjanului a semnat o înțelegere de alianță cu Rusia. Înțelegerea constă în 43 de puncte incluzând o alianță economică și educațională pentru a spori influența regimului lui Putin în Azerbaidjan.[8][9] De exemplu, limba rusă va deveni obligatorie în instituțiile educaționale, într-un mod mai puternic decât a fost pe timpul Uniunii Sovietice.[10]

Ministrul Educației din Rusia a început să răspândească propagandă în educația online, în efortul său de a influența ideologia copiiilor, de a glorifica regimul lui Putin și de a justifica invazia rusească în Ucraina. Aceste lecții online explică “de ce este necesară eliberarea Ucrainei”.[11] Există un risc mare ca aceste lecții să contribuie la crearea unei generații care încurajează războiul și este în favoarea dictaturii rusești. 

Cu siguranță va veni ziua în care războiul se sfârșește, oamenii se vor întoarce la ei în țară și va fi pace între cele teritorii. Întrebarea care o să rămână, însă, până după sfârșitul războiului este: pentru ce? 

De Zinat Asadova

Tradus de Bianca Balea

Text original: https://brokenchalk.org/russias-invasion-to-ukraine-who-will-pay-the-price-for-this-war-2/

 

Surse:

Save the Children. (2022). Ukraine: Attacks on schools endangering children’s lives and futures. Retrieved from https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and-futures

UNICEF Europe & Central Asia Region (ECAR). (2022). Ukraine Situation Report – 24 February 2022 (p. 2). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf

Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). Poland fights to give Ukrainian kids access to education [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av-61185207#:~:text=About%202%20million%20Ukrainians%20have,Poland’s%20education%20system%20is%20enormous.

Abrams, F. (2022). Ukraine refugees may struggle to find places in English schools, councils say. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in-english-schools-councils-say

Fallon, K. (2022). Foreign students fleeing Russia’s war on Ukraine hope to return. Aljazeera.com. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war

International education’s continuing response to the war in Ukraine. ICEF Monitor – Market intelligence for international student recruitment. (2022). Retrieved from https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/

Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622

President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Declaration on allied interaction between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation. Retrieved from https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498

Aliyeva, J. (2022). Azerbaijani president notes importance of Russian language. Report News Agency. Retrieved from https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/

Russia’s Ministry of Education Official Page on Vkontakte. (2022). An Open lesson “Defenders of Peace” (Открытый урок «Защитники мира») [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2

 

Ruslands invasie in Oekraïne: wie betaalt de prijs voor deze oorlog?

Mahmud Darwish zei ooit over oorlog:

“De oorlog zal eindigen. De leiders zullen elkaar de hand schudden. De oude vrouw zal blijven wachten op haar gemartelde zoon. Dat meisje zal wachten op haar geliefde echtgenoot. En die kinderen zullen wachten op hun heldenvader. Ik weet niet wie ons vaderland heeft verkocht, maar ik heb gezien wie de prijs heeft betaald.”

Door de jaren heen zijn veel landen verwoest door oorlog en dictatuur. Veel van deze landen waren beschaafd genoeg voordat de oorlog ze had geruïneerd; vol cultuur en ontwikkeling en beschaving, zoals Syrië, Palestina, Libië, Afghanistan, Irak, Somalië, Jemen en nog veel meer.

De hebzucht en het egoïsme van dictators en corrupte politici hebben deze landen alleen maar schade berokkend. Veel onschuldige levens zijn verloren gegaan; veel landen lijden onder armoede als gevolg van slecht bestuur door onderdrukkende regimes. Nationale infrastructuren zijn door oorlog ingestort en ook het milieu is zwaar getroffen.

Oekraïne heeft zich nu aangesloten bij de trein van de landen die door de oorlog zijn verwoest door de hebzucht van dictators. Vladimir Poetin viel niet alleen een naburige soevereine staat binnen, zijn regime oefent ook volledige censuur uit op Russisch grondgebied. Onafhankelijke Russische media en journalisten die zich uitspreken tegen het regime van Poetin en over het lijden van de Russen onder zijn leiding, worden lastiggevallen, geïntimideerd en onwettig vastgehouden. Dezelfde behandeling wordt toegepast op demonstranten die zich verzetten tegen Poetin en de misdaden die zijn begaan door zijn regime in Oekraïne, zoals het dwingen van jonge Russen om zich bij de strijdkrachten aan te sluiten zonder hen te informeren dat ze zullen deelnemen aan de invasie van Oekraïne. Al deze beschrijven goed hoe “totalitaire staat” eruit ziet.

Hoe is het onderwijs beïnvloed?

De impact van de oorlog is duidelijk zichtbaar in de onderwijssector, aangezien er beperkte toegang tot onderwijs zal zijn vanwege het tekort aan onderwijsmateriaal, armoede die een grote rol speelt bij het gebrek aan onderwijs, en propaganda die wordt verspreid door dictators om een ​​invasie te rechtvaardigen of om misdaden van dictators tegen hun eigen burgers rechtvaardigen.

Veel onderwijsvoorzieningen, zoals scholen en kleuterscholen, zijn verwoest en beschadigd door de aanhoudende oorlog in Oekraïne, waardoor de toekomst van de kinderen in het land in gevaar komt en ze geen toegang hebben tot onderwijs.

UNICEF heeft onlangs een rapport gepubliceerd over de impact van de Russische invasie op Oekraïne. Volgens het rapport heeft de invasie meer dan 350.000 schoolkinderen geen toegang tot onderwijs gegeven, omdat de schoolinfrastructuur is beschadigd of vernietigd, terwijl onvoldoende onderwijsmethoden de toegang tot onderwijs beperken, waardoor kinderen geen toegang hebben tot veilig onderdak, water en opleiding.

Het effect van oorlog op Oekraïense vluchtelingen en internationale studenten in Oekraïne:

Veel Oekraïners hebben sinds het begin van de oorlog hun toevlucht gezocht in verschillende landen. Er is veel zorg geweest voor kindvluchtelingen en hoe ze zullen worden opgenomen in schoolsystemen in andere landen, vooral met het bestaan ​​van taalbarrières. Er is een positieve reactie op deze uitdagingen geweest, aangezien scholen in Polen Oekraïense kindvluchtelingen op hun scholen hebben verwelkomd en Poolse leraren deze studenten hebben geholpen om de taalbarrière te overwinnen en zich aan te passen aan het Poolse onderwijssysteem. Aan de andere kant staan ​​Oekraïense kindvluchtelingen in het VK voor een enorme uitdaging, aangezien de meeste scholen in het VK die nieuwe studenten opnemen hun registratiecapaciteit overschrijden. Daar komt nog bij dat onvoldoende financiering van de onderwijssector scholen onder grote druk zet en ertoe leidt dat vluchtelingstudenten worden afgewezen.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dm0DVkgiw5U (link van de video die in het artikel moet worden ingesloten)

Internationale studenten die aan Oekraïense universiteiten studeerden, van wie velen afkomstig zijn uit Afrika, Zuid-Azië en het Midden-Oosten, zijn ook het slachtoffer van de aanhoudende oorlog. Velen van hen konden hun studie niet afmaken en werden gedwongen naar andere landen te vluchten in de hoop dat ze spoedig terug zouden kunnen keren naar Oekraïne om hun studie af te ronden. Veel van deze buitenlandse studenten hebben daadwerkelijk geworsteld om een ​​toevluchtsoord te vinden of te vluchten, en het meest gruwelijke is dat in de begindagen van de oorlog minstens twee bezoekende studenten werden gedood.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVQurlERmic (link van de video die in het artikel moet worden ingesloten)

Het effect van oorlog op post-Sovjetstaten en op Rusland:

Sinds de Russische invasie van Oekraïne, is er veel angst geweest van de burgers van post-Sovjetstaten dat de controle van Poetin hun landen zal bereiken, vooral nadat de Azerbeidzjaanse president Ilham Aliyev een alliantieovereenkomst tussen Rusland en Azerbeidzjan heeft ondertekend. De overeenkomst van 43 punten omvat een educatieve en economische alliantie die de controle van het Poetin-regime in Azerbeidzjan zal vergroten. Zo zal de Russische taal verplicht worden in onderwijsinstellingen, meer dan voorheen in post-Sovjetstaten.

De laatste tijd is het Russische ministerie van Onderwijs begonnen met het verspreiden van propaganda in online onderwijs, in een poging kinderen te beïnvloeden met ideologieën die het leiderschap van Poetin verheerlijken en de Russische invasie van Oekraïne rechtvaardigen. Deze online lessen proberen uit te leggen “waarom de bevrijdingsmissie in Oekraïne nodig was”. Het risico is groot dat deze lessen zullen bijdragen aan de vorming van een generatie die oorlog aanmoedigt en de dictatuur in Rusland steunt, die een bedreiging vormt voor de toekomst van de Russische samenleving.

 https://twitter.com/ichbinilya/status/1499308474563534849?s=20&t=Dzk1g3aO1D04KF9vbEMoPg (link van de tweet die in het artikel moet worden ingesloten)

Er zal zeker een dag komen waarop de oorlog zal eindigen en de ontheemden zullen terugkeren naar het thuisland waar ze hun dierbaren hebben achtergelaten om hun toevlucht te zoeken in andere landen. Leiders zullen elkaar de hand schudden om vrede in de wereld te stichten, maar tegen welke prijs zal dit gebeuren als er al zoveel schade is aangericht? Net zoals Mahmoud Darwish zegt: “Ik weet niet wie ons vaderland heeft verkocht, maar ik heb gezien wie de prijs heeft betaald”.

 

Written by: Zinat Asadova

Translated by: Annemieke Rixt Van Der Meer [Russia’s Invasion to Ukraine: Who Will Pay the Price for This War?]

Руската инвазия в Украйна: Кой ще плати цената?

Махмуд Даруиш за войната: „Войната ще приключи. Лидерите ще се ръкуват. Старицата ще продължи да чака своя син. Момичето ще чака любимия си съпруг. Децата ще чакат своя баща герой. Не знам кой продаде родината ни, но видях кой плати цената“ [1]

През годините много страни са унищожени заради война и диктатура. Много от тези държави са били съвсем цивилизовани, преди войната да ги съсипе. Пълни с култура, развитие и цивилизация, като Сирия, Палестина, Либия, Афганистан, Ирак, Сомалия, Йемен и много други.

Алчността и егоизмът на диктаторите и корумпираните политици не са донесли нищо друго, освен щети за държавите. Много невинни животи са погубени, много страни страдат от бедност в резултат на лошо управление и потиснически режим. Националните инфраструктури се сриват заради войната, а околната среда също бива сериозно засегната.

 

The Costs of War Project, Watson institute of international and public affairs, Brown University, 2021

 

Сега Украйна се присъедини към групата от стран, които са унищожени от война поради алчността на диктатор. Владимир Путин не само нахлу в съседна суверенна държава, но неговия режим също така упражнява пълна медийна цензура на руска територия. Независими руски медии и журналисти, които говорят против режима на Путин и за това как руснаците страдат, биват тормозени, сплашвани и незаконно задържани под негово ръководство. Същото отношение получават и протестиращите, които се опълчват на Путин и престъпленията извършени от неговия режим в Украйна. Пример може да бъде принуждаването на млади руснаци да се присъединят към въоражените сили, без да ги информират, че ще участват в инвазията на Украйна. Всичко това добре описва как изглежда една тоталитарна държава.

 

Как е афектирано образованието?

Въздействието на войната е явно и видимо в образователния сектор, тъй като ще има ограничен достъп до образователни материали, бедността, която играе огромна роля за липсата на образование също ще застраши Украйна. Пропагандата, разпространявана от диктатори, за да оправдае нашествието или да оправдае действията им, ще се опита да смекчи пагубните резултати от войната.

Много от образователните институции, като училища и детски градини са разрушени заради продължаващата война и бомбардировките в Украйна. Това застрашава бъдещето на децата в страната и ги оставя без достъп до образование. [2]

УНИЦЕФ наскоро публикува доклад относно последиците от руската инвазия в Украйна. Според доклада, войната е оставила над 350 000 деца без достъп до образование, поради бомбардиране на училищата и детските градини. [3]

Последствията за украинските бежанци и международните студенти в Украйна

Много украинци са потърсили убежище в различни страни от началото на войната. Има серизона загриженост за децата бежанци и как те ще бъдат интегрирани в училищните системи в други държави, особено при наличието на езикова бариера. Имаше бързо решение, тъй като в Полша приеха украинските деца и бежанци в своите училища, а полските учители персонално се занимаават с тях и им помагат да преодолеят езичната бариера.[4]. От друга страна, украинските деца бежанци в Обединеното кралство са изправени пред много сериозно предизвикателство, тъй като повече училища там, надвишават капацитета си за регистрация. В допълнение към това, не достатъчното финансиране за образователния сектор поставя учителищата под голям натиск, което води до отказване на бежанците. [5]

Международни студенти, които които учат в украински университети, много от, които идват от Африка, Южна Азия и Близкия Изток, също са жертви на продължаващата война. Много от тях не успяха да завършат образованието си и избягаха в други държави с надеждата да могат скоро да се завърнат в Украйна, за да завършат обучението си.[6] Много от тези студенти всъщност са се борили да намерят убежище или да избягат и най-ужасяващото е, че поне двама от тях са били убити в първите дни на войната. [7]

 

Последствията от войната за постсъветските държави и Русия.

След нахлуването на Русия в Украйна, гражданите на постсъветските държави живеят в страх, че контролът на Путин ще достигне и техните държави, особено след като президентът на Азербайджан Илхам Алиев, подписа съюз между Азербайджан и Русия. Споразумението от 43 точки включва образователен и икономически съюз, който ще увеличи контрола на Путин в Азербайджан. [8][9] Например, руският език ще стане задължителен в образователните институции, повече от колкото е бил преди в постсъветските държави. [10]

В последно време Министерството на образованието на Русия започна да разпространява пропаганда в онлайн образованието, с цел да прославят лидерството на Путин и да оправдаят инвазията на Русия в Украйна. Тези уроци се опитват да обяснят защо мисията в Украйна е била „необходима“. [11]Съществува голям риск тези уроци да допринесат за създаването на поколение, което толерира войната и подкрепя диктатурата в Русия, която представлява заплаха за целия свят.

Със сигурност ще дойде ден в, който войната ще приключи и разселените хора ще се върнат в родните места, където са оставили своите близки, за да търсят убежище в други страни. Лидерите ще се ръкуват, за да установяват мир в света, но на каква цена ще се случи това, след като вече са нанесени толкова много щети? Точно както Дариуш отбелязва: „Не знам кой продаде родината ни, но видях кой плати цената“.

 

By Zinat Asadova Enlish Version : https://brokenchalk.org/russias-invasion-to-ukraine-who-will-pay-the-price-for-this-war-2/

Преведено от Ivan Evstatiev 

 

Източници;

  1. “The war will end” Poem by Mahmud Darwish
  2. Save the Children. (2022). Ukraine: Attacks on schools endangering children’s lives and futures. Retrieved from https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and-futures
  3. UNICEF Europe & Central Asia Region (ECAR). (2022). Ukraine Situation Report – 24 February 2022 (p. 2). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf
  4. Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). Poland fights to give Ukrainian kids access to education [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av-61185207#:~:text=About%202%20million%20Ukrainians%20have,Poland’s%20education%20system%20is%20enormous.
  5. Abrams, F. (2022). Ukraine refugees may struggle to find places in English schools, councils say. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in-english-schools-councils-say
  6. Fallon, K. (2022). Foreign students fleeing Russia’s war on Ukraine hope to return. Aljazeera.com. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war
  7. International education’s continuing response to the war in Ukraine. ICEF Monitor – Market intelligence for international student recruitment. (2022). Retrieved from https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/
  8. Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622
  9. President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Declaration on allied interaction between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation. Retrieved from https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498
  10. Aliyeva, J. (2022). Azerbaijani president notes importance of Russian language. Report News Agency. Retrieved from https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/
  11. Russia’s Ministry of Education Official Page on Vkontakte. (2022). An Open lesson “Defenders of Peace” (Открытый урок «Защитники мира») [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2

Invasion en Ukraine: qui paie le prix de cette guerre ?

Mahmud Darwish a dit un jour à propos de la guerre :

‘’La guerre finira. Les dirigeants se serreront la main. La vieille femme continuera d’attendre son fils martyr. Cette fille attendra son mari bien-aimé. Et ces enfants attendront leur père héros. Je ne sais pas qui a vendu notre patrie, mais j’ai vu qui en a payé le prix.’’

Au fil des annnes, de nombreux pays ont été détruits par la guerre et la dictature, chacun de ces pays était suffisamment civilisé avant la guerre. En effet, cette guerre a ruine la culture, le développement et sa civilisation, tels que la Syrie, la Palestine, la Libye, l’Afghanistan, l’Irak, la Somalie, le Yémen et bien d’autres.

L’arrogance et l’égoïsme des dictateurs et des politiciens n’ont causé que des pertes à ces pays. Aujourd’hui, de nombreux innocents souffrent a cause de la pauvreté en raison d’une mauvaise gouvernance par des infrastructures de régime oppressives qui se sont effondrées, et l’environnement a également été grandement affecté.

 

The Costs of War Project, Watson institute of international and public affairs, Brown University, 2021

 


Comment l’éducation a-t-elle été affectée?L’Ukraine a maintenant rejoint le train des pays qui ont été détruits par la guerre à cause de la cupidité des dictateurs. Vladimir Poutine a non seulement envahi un État souverain voisin, mais son régime exerce également une censure totale sur le territoire russe. Les médias russes indépendants et les journalistes qui s’expriment contre le régime de Poutine et sur les souffrances des Russes sous sa direction sont harcelés, intimidés et détenus illégalement. Le même traitement est réservé aux manifestants qui s’opposent à Poutine et aux crimes commis par son régime en Ukraine, comme forcer de jeunes Russes à rejoindre les forces armées sans les informer qu’ils vont participer à l’invasion de l’Ukraine. Tout cela décrit bien à quoi ressemble «l’État totalitaire».

L’impact de la guerre est clairement visible dans le secteur de l’éducation, car l’accès à l’éducation sera limité en raison de la pénurie de matériel pédagogique, la pauvreté jouant un grand rôle dans le manque d’éducation, la propagande diffusée par les dictateurs pour justifier l’invasion ou pour justifier le crime des dictateurs, commis par leurs propres citoyens.

De nombreuses installations éducatives, telles que des écoles et des jardins d’enfants, ont été détruites et endommagées en raison de la guerre en cours en Ukraine, qui met en danger l’avenir des enfants et les prive d’accès à l’éducation.

L’UNICEF a récemment publié un rapport sur l’impact de l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie. Selon le rapport, l’invasion a laissé plus de 350 000 écoliers sans accès à l’éducation, car les infrastructures scolaires ont été endommagées, tandis que l’enseignement est insuffisant. les méthodologies limitent l’accès à l’éducation, laissant les enfants sans accès à un abri sûr, à l’eau et à l’éducation.

L’effet de la guerre sur les réfugiés ukrainiens et les étudiants internationaux en Ukraine:

De nombreux Ukrainiens ont cherché refuge dans différents pays depuis le début de la guerre, ce qui a suscité beaucoup d’inquiétude pour les enfants réfugiés et la manière dont ils vont être intégrés dans les systèmes scolaires d’autres pays, en particulier avec l’existence de la barrière de la langue. Il y a eu une réponse positive à ces défis, car les écoles polonaises ont accueilli des enfants réfugiés ukrainiens dans leurs écoles et les enseignants polonais ont aidé ces élèves à surmonter la barrière de la langue et à s’adapter au système éducatif polonais. D’autre part, les enfants réfugiés ukrainiens au Royaume-Uni sont confrontés à un énorme défi, car la plupart des écoles du Royaume-Uni, sont confrontés à un financement insuffisant, le secteur de l’éducation subit beaucoup de pression et l’arrivee des élèves réfugiées accentue la situation.

Les étudiants internationaux qui étudiaient dans les universités ukrainiennes, dont beaucoup viennent d’Afrique, d’Asie du Sud et du Moyen-Orient, sont également victimes de la guerre. Beaucoup de ces étudiants ont eu du mal à trouver refuge ou à fuir. De plus, au moins deux étudiants visiteurs ont été tués dans les premiers jours de la guerre.

 

L’effet de la guerre sur les États post-soviétiques et sur la Russie:

Depuis l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie, les États post-soviétiques craignent beaucoup que le contrôle de Poutine n’atteigne leur pays, en particulier après que le président azerbaïdjanais Ilham Aliyev a signé un accord d’alliance entre la Russie et l’Azerbaïdjan. L’accord inclue la langue russe obligatoire dans les établissements d’enseignement, ce qui n’était plus le cas depuis l’independence de cet Etat.

Dernièrement, le ministère russe de l’Éducation a commencé à diffuser de la propagande dans l’éducation en ligne, dans le but d’influencer les enfants avec des idéologies qui glorifient le leadership de Poutine et justifient l’invasion de la Russie. Ces cours en ligne tentent d’expliquer “pourquoi la mission de libération en Ukraine était nécessaire”. Il y a un risque élevé que ces leçons contribuent à la création d’une génération qui encourage la guerre et soutienne la dictature en Russie.

Certes, un jour viendra où la guerre prendra fin, et les déplacés rejoindront la patrie où ils ont laissé leurs proches pour se réfugier dans d’autres pays. Mais à quel prix cela arrivera, quand le mal sera fait déjà? Tout comme le dit Mahmoud Darwish “Je ne sais pas qui a vendu notre patrie, mais j’ai vu qui en a payé le prix”.

 

By Zinat Asadova

Translated by Faical Al Azib   from [Russia’s Invasion to Ukraine: Who Will Pay the Price for This War?]

 

Sources;

  1. “The war will end” Poem by Mahmud Darwish
  2. Save the Children. (2022). Ukraine: Attacks on schools endangering children’s lives and futures. Retrieved from https://www.savethechildren.net/news/ukraine-attacks-schools-endangering-children-s-lives-and-futures
  3. UNICEF Europe & Central Asia Region (ECAR). (2022). Ukraine Situation Report – 24 February 2022 (p. 2). Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/media/116031/file/Ukraine-Humanitarian-SitRep-24-February-2022.pdf
  4. Deutsche Welle (DW). (2022). Poland fights to give Ukrainian kids access to education [Video]. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/poland-fights-to-give-ukrainian-kids-access-to-education/av-61185207#:~:text=About%202%20million%20Ukrainians%20have,Poland’s%20education%20system%20is%20enormous.
  5. Abrams, F. (2022). Ukraine refugees may struggle to find places in English schools, councils say. The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/education/2022/mar/05/ukraine-refugees-may-struggle-to-find-places-in-english-schools-councils-say
  6. Fallon, K. (2022). Foreign students fleeing Russia’s war on Ukraine hope to return. Aljazeera.com. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/5/they-told-us-to-go-home-student-recounts-ukraine-war
  7. International education’s continuing response to the war in Ukraine. ICEF Monitor – Market intelligence for international student recruitment. (2022). Retrieved from https://monitor.icef.com/2022/03/international-educations-continuing-response-to-the-war-in-ukraine/
  8. Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyi. (2022). No:056/22, Azərbaycan Respublikası Xarici İşlər Nazirliyinin Mətbuat xidməti idarəsinin məlumatı (AZ/RU). Retrieved from https://www.mfa.gov.az/az/news/no05622
  9. President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev. (2022). Declaration on allied interaction between the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Russian Federation. Retrieved from https://president.az/en/articles/view/55498
  10. Aliyeva, J. (2022). Azerbaijani president notes importance of Russian language. Report News Agency. Retrieved from https://report.az/en/foreign-politics/azerbaijani-president-notes-importance-of-russian-language/
  11. Russia’s Ministry of Education Official Page on Vkontakte. (2022). An Open lesson “Defenders of Peace” (Открытый урок «Защитники мира») [Video]. https://vk.com/video-30558759_456242419?list=8411aa6de207bc39a2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Invasión rusa de Ucrania: ¿quién pagará el precio de esta guerra?

Como escribió una vez el poeta palestino Mahmud Darwish

“La guerra terminará. Los líderes se darán la mano. La anciana seguirá esperando a su hijo martirizado. La chica esperará a su amado marido. Y esos niños esperarán a su heroico padre. No sé quién vendió nuestra patria. Pero vi quién pagó el precio”.1

El paso del tiempo ha sido partícipe de la destrucción de tierras y naciones enteras debido a guerras, conflictos y dictaduras. Algunas de ellas, como Siria, Palestina, Libia, Afganistán, Irak, Somalia y Yemen, entre otras, tenían ricas culturas y siglos de desarrollo a sus espaldas.

La codicia y el egoísmo de los dictadores y políticos que han ido tomando el control de estos países no han causado más que pérdidas y daños. Se han perdido vidas inocentes, el hambre se han apoderado de ellos, las infraestructuras se han derrumbado y nuestra Madre Tierra ha sufrido progresivamente las consecuencias de estos conflictos.

Ucrania se está uniendo al tren de países que están siendo destruidos debido a la codicia de los políticos. Vladimir Putin no se limita a invadir su país vecino, el estado soberano independiente de Ucrania, sino que también está ejerciendo una censura total en su propio país sobre los medios de comunicación rusos independientes y los periodistas que hablan verdades sobre el régimen de Putin y cómo los rusos están sufriendo bajo su liderazgo, arrestando a los manifestantes que se oponen a él y a los crímenes cometidos por su régimen en Ucrania, obligando a los jóvenes de Rusia a unirse al ejército ruso sin decirles que van a participar en los esfuerzos de guerra contra Ucrania. Todos estos factores demuestran cómo realmente es un gobierno totalitario.

El impacto de los daños que está causando la guerra afecta profundamente al sector educativo en muchos aspectos, incluyendo un acceso restringido a la educación debido a la escasez de material educativo y la hambruna generalizada que cambia las prioridades de la población. Además, la difusión de propaganda de guerra por parte de los políticos como medio para justificar la invasión o los crímenes cometidos contra sus propios ciudadanos repercute en la educación.

La guerra en curso en Ucrania ha dañado innumerables instalaciones educativas, incluidas las escuelas y los jardines de infancia, poniendo así en peligro el futuro de los niños y los jóvenes de Ucrania.

La invasión rusa de Ucrania ha infundido el sentimiento de miedo y temor de los ciudadanos de los estados postsoviéticos. Teniendo en cuenta que el presidente de Azerbaiyán aceptó y firmó la alianza entre Rusia y Azerbaiyán (un acuerdo de 43 puntos que implica una alianza educativa y económica), el temor de que el control de Putin llegue a sus países a través de su sector educativo es un temor justificado. Implicará que la lengua rusa se imponga en un sentido más estricto que el actual y que los libros de texto escolares probablemente blanqueen los crímenes de Putin contra los derechos humanos del pueblo ucraniano y ruso.

El Ministerio de Educación ruso ha comenzado recientemente a difundir propaganda en la educación en línea, en un esfuerzo por lavar la mente de los niños con ideologías que glorifican el liderazgo de Putin y justifican la invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. Estas formas de propaganda incluyen lecciones ‘online’ que tratan de convencer a los jóvenes de que la “misión de liberación en Ucrania era necesaria”, lo que conduce a la creación de generaciones que podrían apoyar la dictadura de Rusia y, por tanto, suponen una amenaza para el futuro de la sociedad rusa.

 

Ciertamente, un día llegará y la guerra terminará. Las personas que sufrieron el desplazamiento por el conflicto volverán a su patria y a sus seres queridos, y los líderes se darán la mano en un esfuerzo por establecer de nuevo la paz, pero ¿a qué precio? El daño ya está hecho. Como dijo Mahmoud Darwish: “No sé quién vendió nuestra patria. Pero he vi quién pagó el precio”.

Texto original redactado por Zinat Asadova “Russia’s Invasion to Ukraine: who is paying the Price for this war?” – https://brokenchalk.org/russias-invasion-to-ukraine-who-will-pay-the-price-for-this-war-2/ 

Traducido por Olga Ruiz Pilato

By Zinat Asadova

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