Written by Mahnoor Ali

Pakistan’s education system has long faced numerous challenges that have hampered the country’s socioeconomic development. In Pakistan, all children aged 5 to 16 have the right to a 12-year school education.¹ However, despite various government initiatives such as the ‘Education Emergency’ plan² and ‘Punjab Education Sector Plan³’, Pakistan continues to face low literacy rates, gender disparities, and inadequate educational infrastructure. Against this backdrop, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have emerged as critical players in the effort to improve educational access and quality throughout the country. This article examines the current state of Pakistan’s education system, the contributions of key NGOs, and potential strategies for increasing their impact. 

Current Situation of the Education System in Pakistan 

The education system of Pakistan consists of approximately 260,903 institutions serving approximately 41 million students, with an estimated 1.5 million teachers. The system is predominantly public, with the government running 69% of institutions. Despite these figures, the literacy rate has remained stable at approximately 62.3% as of 2023, with urban areas having a higher rate (74%) than rural areas (54%). The Pakistan Education Statistics for 2021-22 highlighted a lack of funds, a low pupil-teacher ratio, and a lack of basic facilities.⁴ 

Furthermore, Pakistan has alarmingly high dropout rates, particularly at the primary and secondary levels. Several socioeconomic factors, such as poverty, child labour, and cultural norms, contribute to the high dropout rate. The number of out-of-school children is approximately around 26.21 million which basically means that 39% of children in Pakistan are out of school. Moreover, outdated curricula, insufficient teacher training, and a lack of learning resources frequently jeopardise the educational quality. These difficulties are exacerbated by political unrest and inconsistent policy implementation. 

The Role of NGOs in Improving Educational Access 

In response to these educational challenges, many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have stepped in to fill the gaps left by the government. They are at the forefront of implementing impactful programs that seek to uplift impoverished communities.⁵ These organisations work tirelessly to provide quality education, particularly in underserved communities. Their efforts include school construction, scholarship funding, teacher training, and the development of innovative learning programs. There are numerous NGOs in Pakistan which are working for the betterment of education in Pakistan, some of them are mentioned below: 

One of the leading NGOs is The Citizens Foundation (TCF). TCF⁶ is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) in Pakistan’s education sector which was founded in 1995. Since then, the organisation has established a vast network of 1,921 school units throughout Pakistan, educating approximately 286,000 students. TCF schools provide high-quality education at a low cost, ensuring that low-income children have access to education. This places TCF as one of the largest privately owned networks of low-cost formal schools in the country. The organisation also emphasises gender equality, with nearly half of its students being female. Its comprehensive approach includes community mobilisation and parental involvement, both of which are critical for long-term educational gains. 

Another prominent NGO is the Developments in Literacy (DIL)⁷ organization. The organisation was established in 2000 and has been providing low-cost, high-quality education to underprivileged children in Pakistan. The organization’s mission is to educate and empower underprivileged students, particularly girls, through student-centered model schools and high-quality professional development for teachers and principals. DIL’s vision is for every child in Pakistan to have equal access to a quality education, regardless of socioeconomic status. Moreover, the organisation currently educates over 61,000 students in 191 schools throughout Pakistan, and many of its graduate’s work in fields such as medicine, engineering, and public service. 

Zindagi Trust⁸ is another NGO in Pakistan dedicated to improving education by transforming government schools. The trust also works to improve school infrastructure, create safe learning environments, and provide necessary facilities. Moreover, it has transformed under-resourced Karachi schools into model institutions, such as the SMB Fatima Jinnah Government School and the Khatoon-e-Pakistan Government Girls School, which have significantly improved their infrastructure and academic quality. In addition to these initiatives, Zindagi Trust runs comprehensive educational programs like Life-Skills Based Education (LSBE), which provides students with the necessary skills to protect themselves from abuse and health problems. The trust also provides a variety of extracurricular activities, such as art, music, and sports, to promote holistic growth. 

Challenges and the Way Forward 

Despite the significant contributions made by non-governmental organisations, many challenges remain. Scalability is one of the most significant issues. While NGOs working in Pakistan have achieved remarkable success, their reach remains limited in comparison to the large number of children who are still not in school. Scaling up these initiatives necessitates significant financial investment, logistical planning, and collaboration between the government and the private sector. 

Another challenge is of sustainability. Many NGOs projects are heavily reliant on donor funding, which can be unpredictable. Long-term sustainability necessitates the development of self-sustaining models, such as community ownership of schools and revenue-generating activities that support educational initiatives. Furthermore, there is a need for improved coordination among all stakeholders. The government, NGOs, and private sector must collaborate to create a cohesive strategy. 

Conclusion 

The contribution of non-governmental organisations to improving educational access in Pakistan cannot be overstated. Organisations such as the Citizens Foundation, Developments in Literacy, and Zindagi Trust, among others, have made commendable efforts to provide quality education to the country’s most vulnerable populations. However, achieving universal education requires a concerted effort by all stakeholders. This includes expanding on successful models, ensuring sustainability, and encouraging collaboration. By addressing these challenges, Pakistan can get closer to its goal of providing quality education to all, paving the way for a better future. 

To conclude, the journey to educational reform in Pakistan is undoubtedly complex and difficult, but with the continued efforts of NGOs and a collective commitment from all sectors of society, it is attainable. Pakistan’s future depends on its children’s education, and every effort must be made to ensure that no child falls behind. 

References 

• Abbasi, K. (2024, January 23). Govt turns its back on education sector. DAWN.COM. https://www.dawn.com/news/1807937 
• Ahmad, H., Fatima, N., & Nazeer, A. (2023). ROLE OF NGO’S IN PAKISTAN. International Journal of Social Sciences Bulletin, 1(1). https://ijssb.org/index.php/IJSSB/article/view/13 
• Education Program – The Citizens Foundation (TCF). (2022, October 12). The Citizens Foundation (TCF). https://www.tcf.org.pk/education-programme/ 
• Government of the Pubjab. (n.d.). Punjab Education Sector Plan. https://schools.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/Punjab%20Education%20Sector%20Plan%20(2019-20%20to%202023-24).pdf 
• Halai, A., & Durrani, N. (2021). School education system in Pakistan. In Global education systems (pp. 665–693). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0032-9_17 
• Ministry of federal education and professional training. (n.d.). Malala Fund welcomes Pakistan’s new plan to address its national education crisis [Press release]. https://www.mofept.gov.pk/NewsDetail/MWNmNTA3ZTYtYTU3ZS00NDA0LWIwOTQtMTZiZjNhNjlmMzJj 
• Our impact — developments in literacy. (n.d.). Developments in Literacy. https://www.dil.org/our-impact/index 
• School reform | Revamping learning | Zindagi Trust – Non-Profit Organization. (n.d.). https://www.zindagitrust.org/school-reform 
• Image source: “Girls in school in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan” via Flickr